【docker】docker compose进阶

docker compose简介

Docker Compose是一个用于定义和运行多容器Docker应用程序的工具。它使用YAML文件来配置应用程序的服务、网络和卷，并使用单个命令即可启动、停止和管理应用程序。通过使用Docker Compose，开发人员可以轻松地在多个容器之间建立连接、定义关系和扩展应用程序。

Docker Compose的主要特性包括：

1. 定义服务：使用YAML文件定义应用程序的各个服务，包括镜像、容器参数、环境变量等。

2. 管理多容器：通过单个命令即可启动、停止、重启和删除多个容器，而不需要逐个处理。

3. 连接容器：可以通过环境变量和链接来轻松地在多个容器之间建立连接和通信。

4. 管理网络和卷：可以定义网络和卷，以便在容器之间共享数据和资源。

5. 扩展应用程序：可以使用多个容器来扩展应用程序，以实现负载均衡和高可用性。

总之，Docker Compose是一个简单而强大的工具，可以帮助开发人员轻松地管理和运行多容器Docker应用程序。

docker compose yaml格式

Docker Compose 是一种用于定义和运行多个容器的工具。它使用 YAML 文件来配置应用程序的服务、网络和卷等方面。

以下是 Docker Compose 文件的基本格式：

version: '3'  # 指定 Compose 文件的版本

services:  # 定义各个服务的配置
  service1:  # 服务1的名称
    image: image1:tag  # Docker 镜像的名称和版本
    ports:
      - host_port:container_port  # 映射容器的端口到主机的端口
    volumes:
      - host_path:container_path  # 挂载主机的路径到容器的路径
    environment:  # 设置容器的环境变量
      - key=value

  service2:  # 服务2的名称
    build:  # 构建 Docker 镜像
      context: path_to_context  # 上下文路径，Dockerfile 所在的目录
      dockerfile: Dockerfile_name  # Dockerfile 的名称
    depends_on:
      - service1  # 依赖于服务1

networks:  # 定义网络配置
  network1:  # 网络1的名称
    driver: bridge  # 网络驱动

volumes:  # 定义卷配置
  volume1:  # 卷1的名称
    driver: local  # 卷的驱动

上述示例中，services 部分定义了两个服务，分别为 service1 和 service2。每个服务都可以指定镜像、端口映射、卷挂载、环境变量和容器之间的依赖关系等配置。

networks 部分定义了网络配置，可以设置网络的驱动类型。

volumes 部分定义了卷配置，可以设置卷的驱动类型。

Compose 文件中的其他配置项包括 version（Compose 文件的版本）和 build（构建 Docker 镜像时的配置）等。

通过编写 Docker Compose 文件，可以定义和管理多个容器之间的关系和配置，方便地进行容器化应用程序的部署和管理。

1、docker-compose部署tomcat

文件目录：

cd /opt/homework/tomcat
wget https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/apache/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.99/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.99.tar.gz

tdc.yaml

version: '3'
services:
  tomcat0815:
    container_name: tomcat0815
    hostname: tomcat0815
    build:
      context: ./tomcat
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
    ports:
      - 8444:8080
    volumes:
      - ./webapps:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps
    networks:
      tdc:
        ipv4_address: 172.80.0.2
networks:
  tdc:
    driver: bridge
    ipam:
      config:
        - subnet: 172.80.0.0/16

Dockerfile

FROM centos:7

RUN sed -i -e "s|#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org|baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com|g" /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-*

RUN yum clean all && yum makecache && yum install -y wget rpm
RUN wget --no-check-certificate --no-cookies --header "Cookie: oraclelicense=accept-securebackup-cookie" http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u131-b11/d54c1d3a095b4ff2b6607d096fa80163/jdk-8u131-linux-x64.rpm -O /opt/jdk-8u131-linux-x64.rpm

RUN rpm -ivh /opt/jdk-8u131-linux-x64.rpm
ADD apache-tomcat-8.5.99.tar.gz /opt/javaweb/ 
RUN mkdir -p /usr/local/tomcat/
RUN mv /opt/javaweb/apache-tomcat-8.5.99 /usr/local/tomcat/

RUN chmod +x /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.99/bin/catalina.sh
ENV CATALINA_HOME /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.99/
#  设置启动命令
ENTRYPOINT   [ "/usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.99/bin/catalina.sh", "run"] 

# 暴露 HTTP 端口
EXPOSE 8080

docker-compose -f ./tdc.yaml up -d  

2、docker-compose部署mysql

version: '3'

services:
  mysqldb:
    image: mysql:5.7
    container_name: db
    hostname: mysql57
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: root
    volumes:
      - ./data:/var/lib/mysql
    ports:
      - 33062:3306
    restart: always
    networks:
      mdc:
        ipv4_address: 172.36.0.2

networks:
  mdc:
    driver: bridge
    ipam:
      config:
        - subnet: 172.36.0.0/16

docker-compose -f ./mdc.yaml up -d   

3、docekr-compose部署lnmp

项目需求

（1）使用Docker构建LNMP环境并运行Wordpress网站平台。

（2）为了方便运维和统一管理使用进行docker-compose编排

（3）将所有容器进行快照，然后将Docker镜像打包成tar包备份到本地。

（4）把docker-compose.yml 下载到本地

准备依赖文件、配置nginx

#创建项目目录 compose_nginx; 
mkdir /opt/compose_nginx/
cd /opt/compose_nginx
mkdir nginx mysql php wwwroot

#上传wordpress软件包
cd /opt/compose_nginx/wwwroot/
ls wordpress-4.9.4-zh_CN.tar.gz 
tar xf wordpress-4.9.4-zh_CN.tar.gz 

#上传nginx软件包
cd /opt/compose_nginx/nginx/
ls nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz  
nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz 

cd /opt/compose_nginx/nginx/
vim Dockerfile
#编写nginx的Dockerfile文件
FROM centos:7
MAINTAINER this is nginx image <zs>
RUN sed -i -e "s|mirrorlist=http://mirror.centos.org|mirrorlist=http://mirrors.aliyun.com|g" /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-*
RUN sed -i -e "s|#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org|baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com|g" /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-*
RUN yum clean all
RUN yum makecache
RUN yum -y install pcre-devel zlib-devel gcc gcc-c++ make && useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
ADD nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz /usr/local/src/
WORKDIR /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.0
RUN ./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-http_stub_status_module && make -j2 && make install
ENV PATH /usr/local/nginx/sbin:$PATH
ADD nginx.conf /usr/local/nginx/conf/
#ADD wordpress-4.9.4-zh_CN.tar.gz /usr/local/nginx/html/
RUN chmod 777 -R /usr/local/nginx/html/
EXPOSE 80
EXPOSE 443
ENTRYPOINT [ "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx", "-g", "daemon off;" ]

vim nginx.conf

worker_processes  1;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;
        charset utf-8;
        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.php;
        }
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
        location ~ \.php$ {
            root           html;
            #此地址是php端地址
            fastcgi_pass   172.18.0.30:9000;
            fastcgi_index  index.php;
            fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;
            include        fastcgi_params;
        }
    }
}

配置mysql

cd /opt/compose_nginx/mysql/
vim Dockerfile

FROM centos:7
LABEL maintainer="this is mysql image xcz"
RUN sed -i -e "s|mirrorlist=http://mirror.centos.org|mirrorlist=http://mirrors.aliyun.com|g" /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-*
RUN sed -i -e "s|#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org|baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com|g" /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-*
RUN yum clean all
RUN yum makecache
RUN yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ ncurses ncurses-devel bison cmake make
ADD mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz /usr/local/src/
WORKDIR /usr/local/src/mysql-5.7.20/
RUN cmake \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
-DSYSTEMD_PID_DIR=/usr/local/mysql \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8  \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \
-DWITH_BOOST=boost \
-DWITH_SYSTEMD=1 && make -j3 && make install
ADD my.cnf /etc/
ENV PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH
RUN useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin  mysql && chown mysql:mysql /etc/my.cnf && chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/ && /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld \
--initialize-insecure \
--user=mysql \
--basedir=/usr/local/mysql \
--datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data && cp /usr/local/mysql/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
EXPOSE 3306
CMD ["/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld"]

my.cnf

[client]
port = 3306
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysql]
port = 3306
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
auto-rehash

[mysqld]
user = mysql
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
character-set-server=utf8
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
skip-name-resolve
max_connections=2048
default-storage-engine=INNODB
max_allowed_packet=16M
server-id = 1

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES

配置php

cd /opt/compose_nginx/php/

cd /opt/compose_nginx/php/

vim Dockerfile 

FROM centos:7
LABEL maintainer=' this is php image <xcz>'
RUN sed -i -e "s|mirrorlist=http://mirror.centos.org|mirrorlist=http://mirrors.aliyun.com|g" /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-*
RUN sed -i -e "s|#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org|baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com|g" /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-*
RUN yum clean all
RUN yum makecache
RUN yum -y install gd \
libjpeg libjpeg-devel \
libpng libpng-devel \
freetype freetype-devel \
libxml2 libxml2-devel \
zlib zlib-devel \
curl curl-devel \
openssl openssl-devel \
gcc gcc-c++ make pcre-devel && useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
ADD php-7.1.10.tar.bz2 /usr/local/src/
WORKDIR /usr/local/src/php-7.1.10
RUN ./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/php \
--with-mysql-sock=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \
--with-mysqli \
--with-zlib \
--with-curl \
--with-gd \
--with-jpeg-dir \
--with-png-dir \
--with-freetype-dir \
--with-openssl \
--enable-fpm \
--enable-mbstring \
--enable-xml \
--enable-session \
--enable-ftp \
--enable-pdo \
--enable-tokenizer \
--enable-zip && make -j2 && make install
ENV PATH /usr/local/php/bin:/usr/local/php/sbin:$PATH
ADD php.ini     /usr/local/php/lib/
ADD php-fpm.conf /usr/local/php/etc/
ADD www.conf /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/
EXPOSE 9000
ENTRYPOINT [ "/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm", "-F" ]

准备php-fpm.conf php.ini、www.conf 配置文件

vim php.ini

#该配置文件模板位于安装目录的 php-7.1.10/php.ini-development 位置
#939行,取消注释，修改
date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai
#1170行,修改
mysqli.default_socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock

vim php-fpm.conf
#该配置文件位于 /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default
#17行，删除注释符号“;”
pid = run/php-fpm.pid

vim www.conf
#该配置文件位于 cd /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/
user = nginx
group = nginx
#36行，修改监听IP和端口为容器IP:9000端口
listen = 172.18.0.30:9000`

编写docker-compose.yml

version: '2.1'
services:
  nginx:
    hostname: nginx
    build:
      context: ./nginx
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
    container_name: nginx
    ports:
      - 80:80
      - 443:443
    networks:
      lnmp:
        ipv4_address: 172.18.0.10
    volumes:
      - ./wwwroot/:/usr/local/nginx/html
  mysql:
    hostname: mysql
    build:
      context: ./mysql
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
    container_name: mysql
    ports:
      - 3306:3306
    networks:
      lnmp:
        ipv4_address: 172.18.0.20
    volumes:
      - /usr/local/mysql
  php:
    hostname: php
    build:
      context: ./php
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
    container_name: php
    ports:
      - 9000:9000
    networks:
      lnmp:
        ipv4_address: 172.18.0.30
    volumes_from:
      - nginx
      - mysql
    depends_on:
      - nginx
      - mysql
    links:
      - nginx
      - mysql
networks:
  lnmp:
    driver: bridge
    ipam:
      config:
        - subnet: 172.18.0.0/16

docker-compose -f docker-compose.yml up -d

配置mysql

docker exec -it mysql /bin/bash

mysql -uroot -p
create database wordpress;
grant all privileges on wordpress.* to 'wordpress'@'%' identified by '123456';
grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'abc123';
flush privileges;

4、容器部署registry，进行容器上传下载试验

下载镜像

docker pull registry

在 daemon.json 文件中添加私有镜像仓库的地址并重启

vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
{ 
  "insecure-registries": ["192.168.99.130:5000"], #添加此段，“，”不可少，ip是本机IP地址
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://cnqz5vcz.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker.service

创建registry容器并开放端口

docker create -it registry /bin/bash
docker run -d -p 5000:5000 -v /data/registry:/tmp/registry registry

给镜像打标签后上传到私有仓库

#打标签
docker tag redis:latest 192.168.99.130:5000/redis
#上传
docker push 192.168.99.130:5000/redis

验证：从私有仓库下载镜像

客户端：192.168.99.132

vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
{ 
  "insecure-registries": ["192.168.99.130:5000"], #添加此段，“，”不可少，ip是本机IP地址
  }

docker pull 192.168.99.130:5000/redis
#查看镜像
docker images