lucence入门

更新：下面的代码使用Lucene 4.0版本！

Lucene大大简化了在应用中集成全文搜索的功能。但实际上Lucene十分简单，我可以在五分钟之内向你展示如何使用Lucene。

1. 建立索引

为了简单起见，我们下面为一些字符串创建内存索引：

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StandardAnalyzer analyzer = new StandardAnalyzer(Version.LUCENE_40); Directory index = new RAMDirectory();   IndexWriterConfig config = new IndexWriterConfig(Version.LUCENE_40, analyzer);   IndexWriter w = new IndexWriter(index, config); addDoc(w, "Lucene in Action" , "193398817" ); addDoc(w, "Lucene for Dummies" , "55320055Z" ); addDoc(w, "Managing Gigabytes" , "55063554A" ); addDoc(w, "The Art of Computer Science" , "9900333X" ); w.close();

addDoc()方法把文档（译者注：这里的文档是Lucene中的Document类的实例）添加到索引中。

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private static void addDoc(IndexWriter w, String title, String isbn) throws IOException {    Document doc = new Document();    doc.add( new TextField( "title" , title, Field.Store.YES));    doc.add( new StringField( "isbn" , isbn, Field.Store.YES));    w.addDocument(doc); }

注意，对于需要分词的内容我们使用TextField，对于像id这样不需要分词的内容我们使用StringField。

2.搜索请求

我们从标准输入（stdin）中读入搜索请求，然后对它进行解析，最后创建一个Lucene中的Query对象。

1 2	String querystr = args.length > 0 ? args[ 0 ] : "lucene" ; Query q = new QueryParser(Version.LUCENE_40, "title" , analyzer).parse(querystr);

3.搜索

我们创建一个Searcher对象并且使用上面创建的Query对象来进行搜索，匹配到的前10个结果封装在TopScoreDocCollector对象里返回。

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int hitsPerPage = 10 ; IndexReader reader = IndexReader.open(index); IndexSearcher searcher = new IndexSearcher(reader); TopScoreDocCollector collector = TopScoreDocCollector.create(hitsPerPage, true ); searcher.search(q, collector); ScoreDoc[] hits = collector.topDocs().scoreDocs;

4.展示

现在我们得到了搜索结果，我们需要想用户展示它。

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System.out.println( "Found " + hits.length + " hits." ); for ( int i= 0 ;i<hits.length;++i) {      int docId = hits[i].doc;      Document d = searcher.doc(docId);      System.out.println((i + 1 ) + ". " + d.get( "isbn" ) + "\t" + d.get( "title" )); }

这里是这个小应用的完整代码。下载HelloLucene.java。

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import org.apache.lucene.analysis.standard.StandardAnalyzer; import org.apache.lucene.document.Document; import org.apache.lucene.document.Field; import org.apache.lucene.document.StringField; import org.apache.lucene.document.TextField; import org.apache.lucene.index.DirectoryReader; import org.apache.lucene.index.IndexReader; import org.apache.lucene.index.IndexWriter; import org.apache.lucene.index.IndexWriterConfig; import org.apache.lucene.queryparser.classic.ParseException; import org.apache.lucene.queryparser.classic.QueryParser; import org.apache.lucene.search.IndexSearcher; import org.apache.lucene.search.Query; import org.apache.lucene.search.ScoreDoc; import org.apache.lucene.search.TopScoreDocCollector; import org.apache.lucene.store.Directory; import org.apache.lucene.store.RAMDirectory; import org.apache.lucene.util.Version;   import java.io.IOException;   public class HelloLucene {    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ParseException {      // 0. Specify the analyzer for tokenizing text.      //    The same analyzer should be used for indexing and searching      StandardAnalyzer analyzer = new StandardAnalyzer(Version.LUCENE_40);        // 1. create the index      Directory index = new RAMDirectory();        IndexWriterConfig config = new IndexWriterConfig(Version.LUCENE_40, analyzer);        IndexWriter w = new IndexWriter(index, config);      addDoc(w, "Lucene in Action" , "193398817" );      addDoc(w, "Lucene for Dummies" , "55320055Z" );      addDoc(w, "Managing Gigabytes" , "55063554A" );      addDoc(w, "The Art of Computer Science" , "9900333X" );      w.close();        // 2. query      String querystr = args.length > 0 ? args[ 0 ] : "lucene" ;        // the "title" arg specifies the default field to use      // when no field is explicitly specified in the query.      Query q = new QueryParser(Version.LUCENE_40, "title" , analyzer).parse(querystr);        // 3. search      int hitsPerPage = 10 ;      IndexReader reader = DirectoryReader.open(index);      IndexSearcher searcher = new IndexSearcher(reader);      TopScoreDocCollector collector = TopScoreDocCollector.create(hitsPerPage, true );      searcher.search(q, collector);      ScoreDoc[] hits = collector.topDocs().scoreDocs;            // 4. display results      System.out.println( "Found " + hits.length + " hits." );      for ( int i= 0 ;i<hits.length;++i) {        int docId = hits[i].doc;        Document d = searcher.doc(docId);        System.out.println((i + 1 ) + ". " + d.get( "isbn" ) + "\t" + d.get( "title" ));      }        // reader can only be closed when there      // is no need to access the documents any more.      reader.close();    }      private static void addDoc(IndexWriter w, String title, String isbn) throws IOException {      Document doc = new Document();      doc.add( new TextField( "title" , title, Field.Store.YES));        // use a string field for isbn because we don't want it tokenized      doc.add( new StringField( "isbn" , isbn, Field.Store.YES));      w.addDocument(doc);    } }

可以直接在命令行中使用这个小应用，键入java HelloLucene 。