深入理解 Tomcat（七）源码剖析 Tomcat 完整启动过程

转载自:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_38182963/article/details/78660787

前言

这是我们分析 Tomcat 的第七篇文章，前面我们依据启动过程理解了类加载过程，生命周期组件，容器组件等。基本上将启动过程拆的七零八落，分析的差不多了， 但是还没有从整体的视图下来分析Tomcat 的启动过程。因此，这篇文章的任务就是这个，我们想将Tomcat的启动过程彻底的摸清，把它最后一件衣服扒掉。然后我们就分析连接器和URL请求了，不再留恋这里了。

好吧。我们开始吧。

说到Tomcat的启动，我们都知道，我们每次需要运行tomcat/bin/startup.sh这个脚本，而这个脚本的内容到底是什么呢？我们来看看。

1. startup.sh 脚本内容

#!/bin/sh
os400=false
case "`uname`" in
OS400*) os400=true;;
esac

# resolve links - $0 may be a softlink
PRG="$0"

while [ -h "$PRG</span>"</span>];<spanclass="hljs-keyword">do</span>ls=‘ls-ld<spanclass="hljs-string">"<spanclass="hljs-variable">$PRG"link=expr "KaTeX parse error: Expected 'EOF', got '&' at position 51: …js-string">'.*-&̲gt; \(.*\)'<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> expr <span class="hljs-string">"<span class="hljs-variable">$link</span>"</span> : <span class="hljs-string">'/.*'</span> &gt; /dev/null; <span class="hljs-keyword">then</span> PRG=<span class="hljs-string">"<span class="hljs-variable">$link</span>"</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> PRG=dirname “$PRG</span>"</span>‘/<spanclass="hljs-string">"<spanclass="hljs-variable">$link”
fi
done

PRGDIR=dirname <span class="hljs-string">"<span class="hljs-variable">$PRG</span>"</span>
EXECUTABLE=catalina.sh

# Check that target executable exists
if KaTeX parse error: Expected 'EOF', got '#' at position 83: …"hljs-comment">#̲ -x will Only w…PRGDIR"/“$EXECUTABLE</span>"</span>];<spanclass="hljs-keyword">then</span><spanclass="hljs-buil{t}_{i}n">echo</span><spanclass="hljs-string">"Cannotfind<spanclass="hljs-variable">$PRGDIR/$EXECUTABLE”
echo “The file is absent or does not have execute permission”
echo “This file is needed to run this program”
exit 1
fi
fi

exec “$PRGDIR</span>"</span>/<spanclass="hljs-string">"<spanclass="hljs-variable">$EXECUTABLE” start “$@”

楼主删除了一些无用的注释，我们来看看这脚本。该脚本中有2个重要的变量：
1. PRGDIR：表示当前脚本所在的路径
2. EXECUTABLE：catalina.sh 脚本名称
其中最关键的一行代码就是 exec "$PRGDIR"/"$EXECUTABLE" start "$@"，表示执行了脚本catalina.sh，参数是start。

2. catalina.sh 脚本实现

然后我们看看catalina.sh 脚本中的实现：

elif [ "$1" = "start" ] ; then

if [ ! -z “$CATALIN{A}_{P}ID</span>"</span>];<spanclass="hljs-keyword">then</span><spanclass="hljs-keyword">if</span>[<spanclass="hljs-operator">-f</span><spanclass="hljs-string">"<spanclass="hljs-variable">$CATALINA_PID” ]; then
if [ -s “$CATALIN{A}_{P}ID</span>"</span>];<spanclass="hljs-keyword">then</span><spanclass="hljs-buil{t}_{i}n">echo</span><spanclass="hljs-string">"ExistingPIDfilefoundduringstart."</span><spanclass="hljs-keyword">if</span>[-r<spanclass="hljs-string">"<spanclass="hljs-variable">$CATALINA_PID” ]; then
PID=cat <span class="hljs-string">"<span class="hljs-variable">$CATALINA_PID</span>"</span>
ps -p $PID >/dev/null 2>&1
if [ $?<spanclass="hljs-operator">-eq</span><spanclass="hljs-number">0</span>];<spanclass="hljs-keyword">then</span><spanclass="hljs-buil{t}_{i}n">echo</span><spanclass="hljs-string">"TomcatappearstostillberunningwithPID<spanclass="hljs-variable">$PID. Start aborted."
echo “If the following process is not a Tomcat process, remove the PID file and try again:”
ps -f -p $PID</span><spanclass="hljs-keyword">exit</span><spanclass="hljs-number">1</span><spanclass="hljs-keyword">else</span><spanclass="hljs-buil{t}_{i}n">echo</span><spanclass="hljs-string">"Removing/clearingstalePIDfile."</span>rm<spanclass="hljs-operator">-f</span><spanclass="hljs-string">"<spanclass="hljs-variable">$CATALINA_PID" >/dev/null 2>&1
if [ $?!=<spanclass="hljs-number">0</span>];<spanclass="hljs-keyword">then</span><spanclass="hljs-keyword">if</span>[-w<spanclass="hljs-string">"<spanclass="hljs-variable">$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
cat /dev/null > “$CATALIN{A}_{P}ID</span>"</span><spanclass="hljs-keyword">else</span><spanclass="hljs-buil{t}_{i}n">echo</span><spanclass="hljs-string">"UnabletoremoveorclearstalePIDfile.Startaborted."</span><spanclass="hljs-keyword">exit</span><spanclass="hljs-number">1</span><spanclass="hljs-keyword">fi</span><spanclass="hljs-keyword">fi</span><spanclass="hljs-keyword">fi</span><spanclass="hljs-keyword">else</span><spanclass="hljs-buil{t}_{i}n">echo</span><spanclass="hljs-string">"UnabletoreadPIDfile.Startaborted."</span><spanclass="hljs-keyword">exit</span><spanclass="hljs-number">1</span><spanclass="hljs-keyword">fi</span><spanclass="hljs-keyword">else</span>rm<spanclass="hljs-operator">-f</span><spanclass="hljs-string">"<spanclass="hljs-variable">$CATALINA_PID” >/dev/null 2>&1
if [ $?!=<spanclass="hljs-number">0</span>];<spanclass="hljs-keyword">then</span><spanclass="hljs-keyword">if</span>[!-w<spanclass="hljs-string">"<spanclass="hljs-variable">$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
echo “Unable to remove or write to empty PID file. Start aborted.”
exit 1
fi
fi
fi
fi
fi

shift
touch “$CATALINA_OUT”
if [ “$1</span>"</span>=<spanclass="hljs-string">"-security"</span>];<spanclass="hljs-keyword">then</span><spanclass="hljs-keyword">if</span>[<spanclass="hljs-variable">$have_tty -eq 1 ]; then
echo “Using Security Manager”
fi
shift
eval KaTeX parse error: Can't use function '\"' in math mode at position 42: …"hljs-string">"\̲"̲<span class="hl…_RUNJAVA”" ““KaTeX parse error: Can't use function '\"' in math mode at position 22: …G_CONFIG</span>\̲"̲"</span> <span …LOGGING_MANAGER $JAV{A}_{O}PTS</span><spanclass="hljs-variable">$CATALINA_OPTS
-classpath ““KaTeX parse error: Can't use function '\"' in math mode at position 17: …LASSPATH</span>\̲"̲"</span> \ …CATALINA_BASE/conf/catalina.policy””
-Dcatalina.base=”“KaTeX parse error: Can't use function '\"' in math mode at position 21: …INA_BASE</span>\̲"̲"</span> \ …CATALINA_HOME””
-Djava.io.tmpdir=""KaTeX parse error: Can't use function '\"' in math mode at position 23: …A_TMPDIR</span>\̲"̲"</span> \ …@" start
>> “$CATALINA_OUT” 2>&1 “&”

else
eval KaTeX parse error: Can't use function '\"' in math mode at position 42: …"hljs-string">"\̲"̲<span class="hl…_RUNJAVA"" ““KaTeX parse error: Can't use function '\"' in math mode at position 22: …G_CONFIG</span>\̲"̲"</span> <span …LOGGING_MANAGER $JAV{A}_{O}PTS</span><spanclass="hljs-variable">$CATALINA_OPTS
-classpath ““KaTeX parse error: Can't use function '\"' in math mode at position 17: …LASSPATH</span>\̲"̲"</span> \ …CATALINA_BASE””
-Dcatalina.home=”“KaTeX parse error: Can't use function '\"' in math mode at position 21: …INA_HOME</span>\̲"̲"</span> \ …CATALINA_TMPDIR””
org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap “KaTeX parse error: Expected 'EOF', got '\ ' at position 24: …"</span> start \̲ ̲ &gt;&gt; …CATALINA_OUT” 2>&1 “&”

fi

if [ ! -z “$CATALINA_PID” ]; then
echo KaTeX parse error: Expected 'EOF', got '&' at position 3: ! &̲gt; <span class…CATALINA_PID"
fi

echo “Tomcat started.”

该脚本很长，但我们只关心我们感兴趣的：如果参数是 start， 那么执行这里的逻辑，关键再最后一行执行了 org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" start， 也就是说，执行了我们熟悉的main方法，并且携带了start 参数，那么我们就来看Bootstrap 的main方法是如何实现的。

3. Bootstrap.main 方法实现

    public static void main(String args[]) {
    System.err.println(<span class="hljs-string">"Have fun and Enjoy! cxs"</span>);

    <span class="hljs-comment">// daemon 就是 bootstrap</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (daemon == <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>) {
        Bootstrap bootstrap = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Bootstrap();
        <span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> {
            bootstrap.init();
        } <span class="hljs-keyword">catch</span> (Throwable t) {
            handleThrowable(t);
            t.printStackTrace();
            <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span>;
        }
        daemon = bootstrap;
    } <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> {
        Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(daemon.catalinaLoader);
    }

    <span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> {
        String command = <span class="hljs-string">"start"</span>;
        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (args.length &gt; <span class="hljs-number">0</span>) {
            command = args[args.length - <span class="hljs-number">1</span>];
        }
        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (command.equals(<span class="hljs-string">"startd"</span>)) {
            args[args.length - <span class="hljs-number">1</span>] = <span class="hljs-string">"start"</span>;
            daemon.load(args);
            daemon.start();
        }
        <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (command.equals(<span class="hljs-string">"stopd"</span>)) {
            args[args.length - <span class="hljs-number">1</span>] = <span class="hljs-string">"stop"</span>;
            daemon.stop();
        }
        <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (command.equals(<span class="hljs-string">"start"</span>)) {
            daemon.setAwait(<span class="hljs-keyword">true</span>);
            daemon.load(args);
            daemon.start();
        } <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (command.equals(<span class="hljs-string">"stop"</span>)) {
            daemon.stopServer(args);
        } <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (command.equals(<span class="hljs-string">"configtest"</span>)) {
            daemon.load(args);
            <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (<span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>==daemon.getServer()) {
                System.exit(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>);
            }
            System.exit(<span class="hljs-number">0</span>);
        } <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> {
            log.warn(<span class="hljs-string">"Bootstrap: command \""</span> + command + <span class="hljs-string">"\" does not exist."</span>);
        }
    } <span class="hljs-keyword">catch</span> (Throwable t) {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (t <span class="hljs-keyword">instanceof</span> InvocationTargetException &amp;&amp;
                t.getCause() != <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>) {
            t = t.getCause();
        }
        handleThrowable(t);
        t.printStackTrace();
        System.exit(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>);
    }
}</code></pre>

我们看看该方法， 首先 bootstrap.init() 的方法用于初始化类加载器，我们已经分析过该方法了，就不再赘述了，然后我们看下面的try块，默认命令行参数是 start ，但我们刚刚的脚本传的参数就是 start， 因此进入该if块

   else if (command.equals("start")) {
         daemon.setAwait(true);
         daemon.load(args);
         daemon.start();

1. 设置catalina 的 await 属性为true；
2. 运行 catalina 的 load 方法。该方法内部主要逻辑是解析server.xml文件，初始化容器。我们已经再生命周期那篇文章中讲过容器的初始化。
3. 运行 catalina 的 start 方法。也就是启动 tomcat。这个部分我们上次分析了容器启动。但是容器之后的逻辑我们没有分析。今天我们就来看看。

4. Catalina.start 方法

 public void start() {
        if (getServer() == null) {
            load();
        }
        if (getServer() == null) {
            log.fatal("Cannot start server. Server instance is not configured.");
            return;
        }
        long t1 = System.nanoTime();
        // Start the new server
        try {
            getServer().start();
        } catch (LifecycleException e) {
            log.fatal(sm.getString("catalina.serverStartFail"), e);
            try {
                getServer().destroy();
            } catch (LifecycleException e1) {
                log.debug("destroy() failed for failed Server ", e1);
            }
            return;
        }
        long t2 = System.nanoTime();
        if(log.isInfoEnabled()) {
            log.info("Server startup in " + ((t2 - t1) / 1000000) + " ms");
        }
        if (useShutdownHook) {
            if (shutdownHook == null) {
                shutdownHook = new CatalinaShutdownHook();
            }
            Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(shutdownHook);
        <span class="hljs-comment">// If JULI is being used, disable JULI's shutdown hook since</span>
        <span class="hljs-comment">// shutdown hooks run in parallel and log messages may be lost</span>
        <span class="hljs-comment">// if JULI's hook completes before the CatalinaShutdownHook()</span>
        LogManager logManager = LogManager.getLogManager();
        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (logManager <span class="hljs-keyword">instanceof</span> ClassLoaderLogManager) {
            ((ClassLoaderLogManager) logManager).setUseShutdownHook(
                    <span class="hljs-keyword">false</span>);
        }
    }
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (await) {
        await();
        stop();
    }
}</code></pre>

该方法我们上次分析到了 getServer().start() 这里，也就是容器启动的逻辑，我们不再赘述。
今天我们继续分析下面的逻辑。主要逻辑是：

 if (useShutdownHook) {
            if (shutdownHook == null) {
                shutdownHook = new CatalinaShutdownHook();
            }
            Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(shutdownHook);
        <span class="hljs-comment">// If JULI is being used, disable JULI's shutdown hook since</span>
        <span class="hljs-comment">// shutdown hooks run in parallel and log messages may be lost</span>
        <span class="hljs-comment">// if JULI's hook completes before the CatalinaShutdownHook()</span>
        LogManager logManager = LogManager.getLogManager();
        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (logManager <span class="hljs-keyword">instanceof</span> ClassLoaderLogManager) {
            ((ClassLoaderLogManager) logManager).setUseShutdownHook(
                    <span class="hljs-keyword">false</span>);
        }
    }
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (await) {
        await();
        stop();
    }</code></pre>

可以看到是 Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(shutdownHook)方法。那么这个方法的作用是什么呢？JDK 文档是这样说的：

注册新的虚拟机来关闭钩子。
只是一个已初始化但尚未启动的线程。虚拟机开始启用其关闭序列时，它会以某种未指定的顺序启动所有已注册的关闭钩子，并让它们同时运行。运行完所有的钩子后，如果已启用退出终结，那么虚拟机接着会运行所有未调用的终结方法。最后，虚拟机会暂停。注意，关闭序列期间会继续运行守护线程，如果通过调用方法来发起关闭序列，那么也会继续运行非守护线程。

简单来说，如果用户的程序出现了bug， 或者使用control + C 关闭了命令行，那么就需要做一些内存清理的工作。该方法就会再虚拟机退出时做清理工作。再ApplicationShutdownHooks 类种维护着一个IdentityHashMap

5. CatalinaShutdownHook.run 线程方法实现

 protected class CatalinaShutdownHook extends Thread {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            try {
                if (getServer() != null) {
                    Catalina.this.stop();
                }
            } catch (Throwable ex) {
                ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(ex);
                log.error(sm.getString("catalina.shutdownHookFail"), ex);
            } finally {
                // If JULI is used, shut JULI down *after* the server shuts down
                // so log messages aren't lost
                LogManager logManager = LogManager.getLogManager();
                if (logManager instanceof ClassLoaderLogManager) {
                    ((ClassLoaderLogManager) logManager).shutdown();
                }
            }
        }
    }

该线程是Catalina的内部类，方法逻辑是，如果Server容器还存在，就是执行Catalina的stop方法用于停止容器。（为什么要用Catalina.this.stop 呢？因为它继承了Thread，而Thread也有一个stop方法，因此需要显式的指定该方法）最后关闭日志管理器。我们看看stop方法的实现：

6. Catalina.stop 方法实现：

public void stop() {
    <span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> {
        <span class="hljs-comment">// Remove the ShutdownHook first so that server.stop()</span>
        <span class="hljs-comment">// doesn't get invoked twice</span>
        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (useShutdownHook) {
            Runtime.getRuntime().removeShutdownHook(shutdownHook);

            <span class="hljs-comment">// If JULI is being used, re-enable JULI's shutdown to ensure</span>
            <span class="hljs-comment">// log messages are not lost</span>
            LogManager logManager = LogManager.getLogManager();
            <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (logManager <span class="hljs-keyword">instanceof</span> ClassLoaderLogManager) {
                ((ClassLoaderLogManager) logManager).setUseShutdownHook(
                        <span class="hljs-keyword">true</span>);
            }
        }
    } <span class="hljs-keyword">catch</span> (Throwable t) {
        ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(t);
        <span class="hljs-comment">// This will fail on JDK 1.2. Ignoring, as Tomcat can run</span>
        <span class="hljs-comment">// fine without the shutdown hook.</span>
    }

    <span class="hljs-comment">// Shut down the server</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> {
        Server s = getServer();
        LifecycleState state = s.getState();
        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (LifecycleState.STOPPING_PREP.compareTo(state) &lt;= <span class="hljs-number">0</span>
                &amp;&amp; LifecycleState.DESTROYED.compareTo(state) &gt;= <span class="hljs-number">0</span>) {
            <span class="hljs-comment">// Nothing to do. stop() was already called</span>
        } <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> {
            s.stop();
            s.destroy();
        }
    } <span class="hljs-keyword">catch</span> (LifecycleException e) {
        log.error(<span class="hljs-string">"Catalina.stop"</span>, e);
    }
}</code></pre>

该方法首先移除关闭钩子，为什么要移除呢，因为他的任务已经完成了。然后设置useShutdownHook 为true。最后执行Server的stop方法，Server的stop方法基本和init方法和start方法一样，都是使用父类的模板方法，首先出发事件，然后调用stopInternal，该方法内部循环停止子容器，子容器递归停止，和我们之前的逻辑一致，不再赘述。destroy方法同理。

好了，我们已经看清了关闭钩子的逻辑，其实就是开辟一个守护线程交给虚拟机，然后虚拟机在某些异常情况（比如System.exit(0)）前执行停止容器的逻辑。

好。我们回到start方法。

7. 回到 Catalina.start 方法

在设置好关闭钩子后，tomcat 的启动过程还没有启动完毕，接下来的逻辑式什么呢？

        if (useShutdownHook) {
            if (shutdownHook == null) {
                shutdownHook = new CatalinaShutdownHook();
            }
            Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(shutdownHook);
        <span class="hljs-comment">// If JULI is being used, disable JULI's shutdown hook since</span>
        <span class="hljs-comment">// shutdown hooks run in parallel and log messages may be lost</span>
        <span class="hljs-comment">// if JULI's hook completes before the CatalinaShutdownHook()</span>
        LogManager logManager = LogManager.getLogManager();
        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (logManager <span class="hljs-keyword">instanceof</span> ClassLoaderLogManager) {
            ((ClassLoaderLogManager) logManager).setUseShutdownHook(
                    <span class="hljs-keyword">false</span>);
        }
    }

    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (await) {
        await();
        stop();
    }</code></pre>

在设置完关闭钩子之后，会将 useShutdownHook 这个变量为false，然后执行 await 方法。然后执行stop方法，我们记得stop方法式关闭容器的方法，神经病啊，好不容易启动了，为什么又要关闭呢？ 先不着急，我们还是看看 await 方法吧,该方法调用了Server.await 方法，我们来看看：

8. Catalian.await 方法实现

注意：该方法很长

    @Override
    public void await() {
        // Negative values - don't wait on port - tomcat is embedded or we just don't like ports
        if( port == -2 ) {
            // undocumented yet - for embedding apps that are around, alive.
            return;
        }
        if( port==-1 ) {
            try {
                awaitThread = Thread.currentThread();
                while(!stopAwait) {
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep( 10000 );
                    } catch( InterruptedException ex ) {
                        // continue and check the flag
                    }
                }
            } finally {
                awaitThread = null;
            }
            return;
        }
    <span class="hljs-comment">// Set up a server socket to wait on</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> {
        awaitSocket = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> ServerSocket(port, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>,
                InetAddress.getByName(address));
    } <span class="hljs-keyword">catch</span> (IOException e) {
        log.error(<span class="hljs-string">"StandardServer.await: create["</span> + address
                           + <span class="hljs-string">":"</span> + port
                           + <span class="hljs-string">"]: "</span>, e);
        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span>;
    }

    <span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> {
        awaitThread = Thread.currentThread();

        <span class="hljs-comment">// Loop waiting for a connection and a valid command</span>
        <span class="hljs-keyword">while</span> (!stopAwait) {
            ServerSocket serverSocket = awaitSocket;
            <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (serverSocket == <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>) {
                <span class="hljs-keyword">break</span>;
            }

            <span class="hljs-comment">// Wait for the next connection</span>
            Socket socket = <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>;
            StringBuilder command = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> StringBuilder();
            <span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> {
                InputStream stream;
                <span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> {
                    socket = serverSocket.accept();
                    socket.setSoTimeout(<span class="hljs-number">10</span> * <span class="hljs-number">1000</span>);  <span class="hljs-comment">// Ten seconds</span>
                    stream = socket.getInputStream();
                } <span class="hljs-keyword">catch</span> (AccessControlException ace) {
                    log.warn(<span class="hljs-string">"StandardServer.accept security exception: "</span>
                            + ace.getMessage(), ace);
                    <span class="hljs-keyword">continue</span>;
                } <span class="hljs-keyword">catch</span> (IOException e) {
                    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (stopAwait) {
                        <span class="hljs-comment">// Wait was aborted with socket.close()</span>
                        <span class="hljs-keyword">break</span>;
                    }
                    log.error(<span class="hljs-string">"StandardServer.await: accept: "</span>, e);
                    <span class="hljs-keyword">break</span>;
                }

                <span class="hljs-comment">// Read a set of characters from the socket</span>
                <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> expected = <span class="hljs-number">1024</span>; <span class="hljs-comment">// Cut off to avoid DoS attack</span>
                <span class="hljs-keyword">while</span> (expected &lt; shutdown.length()) {
                    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (random == <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>)
                        random = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Random();
                    expected += (random.nextInt() % <span class="hljs-number">1024</span>);
                }
                <span class="hljs-keyword">while</span> (expected &gt; <span class="hljs-number">0</span>) {
                    <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> ch = -<span class="hljs-number">1</span>;
                    <span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> {
                        ch = stream.read();
                    } <span class="hljs-keyword">catch</span> (IOException e) {
                        log.warn(<span class="hljs-string">"StandardServer.await: read: "</span>, e);
                        ch = -<span class="hljs-number">1</span>;
                    }
                    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (ch &lt; <span class="hljs-number">32</span>)  <span class="hljs-comment">// Control character or EOF terminates loop</span>
                        <span class="hljs-keyword">break</span>;
                    command.append((<span class="hljs-keyword">char</span>) ch);
                    expected--;
                }
            } <span class="hljs-keyword">finally</span> {
                <span class="hljs-comment">// Close the socket now that we are done with it</span>
                <span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> {
                    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (socket != <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>) {
                        socket.close();
                    }
                } <span class="hljs-keyword">catch</span> (IOException e) {
                    <span class="hljs-comment">// Ignore</span>
                }
            }

            <span class="hljs-comment">// Match against our command string</span>
            <span class="hljs-keyword">boolean</span> match = command.toString().equals(shutdown);
            <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (match) {
                log.info(sm.getString(<span class="hljs-string">"standardServer.shutdownViaPort"</span>));
                <span class="hljs-keyword">break</span>;
            } <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>
                log.warn(<span class="hljs-string">"StandardServer.await: Invalid command '"</span>
                        + command.toString() + <span class="hljs-string">"' received"</span>);
        }
    } <span class="hljs-keyword">finally</span> {
        ServerSocket serverSocket = awaitSocket;
        awaitThread = <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>;
        awaitSocket = <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>;

        <span class="hljs-comment">// Close the server socket and return</span>
        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (serverSocket != <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>) {
            <span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> {
                serverSocket.close();
            } <span class="hljs-keyword">catch</span> (IOException e) {
                <span class="hljs-comment">// Ignore</span>
            }
        }
    }
}

我们看一下他的逻辑：首先创建一个socketServer 链接，然后循环等待消息。如果发过来的消息为字符串SHUTDOWN, 那么就break，停止循环，关闭socket。否则永不停歇。回到我们刚刚的疑问，await 方法后面执行 stop 方法，现在一看就合情合理了，只要不发出关闭命令，则不会执行stop方法，否则则继续执行关闭方法。

到现在，Tomcat 的整体启动过程我们已经了然于胸了，总结一下就是：
1. 初始化类加载器。
2. 初始化容器并注册到JMX后启动容器。
3. 设置关闭钩子。
4. 循环等待关闭命令。

等一下。好像缺了点什么？？？ Tomcat 启动后就只接受关闭命令，接受的http请求怎么处理，还要不要做一个合格的服务器了？？？ 别急，实际上，这个是主线程，负责生命周期等事情。处理Http请求的线程在初始化容器和启动容器的时候由子容器做了，这块的逻辑我们下次再讲。大家不要疑惑。

9. 我们知道了Tomcat 是怎么启动的，那么是怎么关闭的呢？

顺便说说关闭的逻辑：

shutdown.sh 脚本同样会调用 Bootstrap的main 方法，不同是传递 stop参数， 我们看看如果传递stop参数会怎么样：

ry {
            String command = "start";
            if (args.length > 0) {
                command = args[args.length - 1];
            }
            if (command.equals("startd")) {
                args[args.length - 1] = "start";
                daemon.load(args);
                daemon.start();
            }
            else if (command.equals("stopd")) {
                args[args.length - 1] = "stop";
                daemon.stop();
            }
            else if (command.equals("start")) {
                daemon.setAwait(true);
                daemon.load(args);
                daemon.start();
            } else if (command.equals("stop")) {
                daemon.stopServer(args);
            } else if (command.equals("configtest")) {
                daemon.load(args);
                if (null==daemon.getServer()) {
                    System.exit(1);
                }
                System.exit(0);
            } else {
                log.warn("Bootstrap: command \"" + command + "\" does not exist.");
            }
        } catch (Throwable t) {

可以看到调用的是 stopServer 方法，实际上就是 Catalina的stopServer 方法，我们看看该方法实现：

10. Catalina.stopServer 方法

 public void stopServer(String[] arguments) {
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (arguments != <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>) {
        arguments(arguments);
    }

    Server s = getServer();
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>( s == <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span> ) {
        <span class="hljs-comment">// Create and execute our Digester</span>
        Digester digester = createStopDigester();
        digester.setClassLoader(Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader());
        File file = configFile();
        FileInputStream fis = <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>;
        <span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> {
            InputSource is =
                <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> InputSource(file.toURI().toURL().toString());
            fis = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> FileInputStream(file);
            is.setByteStream(fis);
            digester.push(<span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>);
            digester.parse(is);
        } <span class="hljs-keyword">catch</span> (Exception e) {
            log.error(<span class="hljs-string">"Catalina.stop: "</span>, e);
            System.exit(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>);
        } <span class="hljs-keyword">finally</span> {
            <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (fis != <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>) {
                <span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> {
                    fis.close();
                } <span class="hljs-keyword">catch</span> (IOException e) {
                    <span class="hljs-comment">// Ignore</span>
                }
            }
        }
    } <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> {
        <span class="hljs-comment">// Server object already present. Must be running as a service</span>
        <span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> {
            s.stop();
        } <span class="hljs-keyword">catch</span> (LifecycleException e) {
            log.error(<span class="hljs-string">"Catalina.stop: "</span>, e);
        }
        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span>;
    }

    <span class="hljs-comment">// Stop the existing server</span>
    s = getServer();
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (s.getPort()&gt;<span class="hljs-number">0</span>) {
        Socket socket = <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>;
        OutputStream stream = <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>;
        <span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> {
            socket = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Socket(s.getAddress(), s.getPort());
            stream = socket.getOutputStream();
            String shutdown = s.getShutdown();
            <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> (<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> i = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>; i &lt; shutdown.length(); i++) {
                stream.write(shutdown.charAt(i));
            }
            stream.flush();
        } <span class="hljs-keyword">catch</span> (ConnectException ce) {
            log.error(sm.getString(<span class="hljs-string">"catalina.stopServer.connectException"</span>,
                                   s.getAddress(),
                                   String.valueOf(s.getPort())));
            log.error(<span class="hljs-string">"Catalina.stop: "</span>, ce);
            System.exit(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>);
        } <span class="hljs-keyword">catch</span> (IOException e) {
            log.error(<span class="hljs-string">"Catalina.stop: "</span>, e);
            System.exit(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>);
        } <span class="hljs-keyword">finally</span> {
            <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (stream != <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>) {
                <span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> {
                    stream.close();
                } <span class="hljs-keyword">catch</span> (IOException e) {
                    <span class="hljs-comment">// Ignore</span>
                }
            }
            <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (socket != <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>) {
                <span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> {
                    socket.close();
                } <span class="hljs-keyword">catch</span> (IOException e) {
                    <span class="hljs-comment">// Ignore</span>
                }
            }
        }
    } <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> {
        log.error(sm.getString(<span class="hljs-string">"catalina.stopServer"</span>));
        System.exit(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>);
    }
}

注意，该停止命令的虚拟机和启动的虚拟机不是一个虚拟机，因此，没有初始化 Server , 进入 IF 块，解析 server.xml 文件，获取文件中端口，用以创建Socket。然后像启动服务器发送 SHUTDOWN 命令，关闭启动服务器，启动服务器退出刚刚的循环，执行后面的 stop 方法，最后退出虚拟机，就是这么简单。

11. 总结

我们从整体上解析了Tomcat的启动和关闭过程，发现不是很难，为什么？因为我们之前已经分析过很多遍了，有些逻辑我们已经清除了，这次分析只是来扫尾。复杂的Tomcat的启动过程我们基本就分析完了。我们知道了启动和关闭都依赖Socket。只是我们惊奇的发现他的关闭竟然是如此实现。很牛逼。我原以为会像我们平时一样，直接kill。哈哈哈。

好吧。今天我们就到这里 ，tomcat 这座大山我们已经啃的差不多了，还剩一个 URL 请求过程和连接器，这两个部分是高度关联的，因此，楼主也会将他们放在一起分析。透过源码看真相。

连接器，等着我们来撕开你的衣服！！！！

good luck ！！！！