本文转自:http://www.cnblogs.com/leiOOlei/p/3725911.html#s1
要了解事务配置的所有方法,请看一下《Spring事务配置的5种方法》
本文介绍两种配置方法:
以下所使用环境为Spring4.0.3、Hibernate4.3.5
一、 XML,使用tx标签配置拦截器实现事务
Entity类User.java,持久化类,对应数据库表user
- package com.lei.demo.entity;
- import javax.persistence.*;
- @Entity(name="users")
- public class Users {
- public Users(){
- super();
- }
- @Id
- @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.AUTO)
- @Column(name="id")
- private Integer id;
- @Column(name="user_name",length=32)
- private String user_name;
- @Column(name="age")
- private Integer age;
- @Column(name="nice_name",length=32)
- private String nice_name;
- //属性实现......
- }
UserDAO.javar,user的一些操作,其中属性sessionFactory应该由Spring注入,如下:
- package com.lei.demo.dao;
- import java.util.List;
- import javax.annotation.Resource;
- import org.hibernate.Query;
- import org.hibernate.Session;
- import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
- import com.lei.demo.entity.Users;
- public class UsersDAO {
- private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
- public void setSessionFactory(SessionFactory sessionFactory) {
- this.sessionFactory = sessionFactory;
- }
- public SessionFactory getSessionFactory() {
- return sessionFactory;
- }
- public List<Users> getAllUser(){
- String hsql="from users";
- Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
- Query query = session.createQuery(hsql);
- return query.list();
- }
- }
UserService.java,业务实现类,如下
- package com.lei.demo.service;
- import javax.annotation.Resource;
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
- import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Isolation;
- import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
- import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
- import com.lei.demo.dao.*;
- public class UserService {
- private UsersDAO userDao;
- public int userCount(){
- return userDao.getAllUser().size();
- }
- public UsersDAO getUserDao() {
- return userDao;
- }
- public void setUserDao(UsersDAO userDao) {
- this.userDao = userDao;
- }
- }
首先看一下xml配置,spring-hibernate.xml如下:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
- xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
- xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
- xsi:schemaLocation="
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd
- ">
- <!-- Hibernate4 -->
- <!-- 加载资源文件 其中包含变量信息,必须在Spring配置文件的最前面加载,即第一个加载-->
- <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:persistence-mysql.properties" />
- <bean id="sessionFactory"
- class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
- <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
- <property name="packagesToScan">
- <list>
- <!-- 可以加多个包 -->
- <value>com.lei.demo.entity</value>
- </list>
- </property>
- <property name="hibernateProperties">
- <props>
- <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">${hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto}</prop>
- <prop key="hibernate.dialect">${hibernate.dialect}</prop>
- <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">${hibernate.show_sql}</prop>
- <!-- <prop key="hibernate.current_session_context_class">thread</prop> -->
- </props>
- </property>
- </bean>
- <!-- 数据库映射 -->
- <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
- <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}" />
- <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" />
- <property name="username" value="${jdbc.user}" />
- <property name="password" value="${jdbc.pass}" />
- </bean>
- <!-- 配置Hibernate事务管理器 -->
- <bean id="transactionManager"
- class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager">
- <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
- </bean>
- <!-- 配置事务异常封装 -->
- <bean id="persistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor"
- class="org.springframework.dao.annotation.PersistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor" />
- <!-- 声明式容器事务管理 ,transaction-manager指定事务管理器为transactionManager -->
- <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
- <tx:attributes>
- <tx:method name="add*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
- <tx:method name="get*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
- <tx:method name="*" read-only="true" />
- </tx:attributes>
- </tx:advice>
- <aop:config expose-proxy="true">
- <!-- 只对业务逻辑层实施事务 -->
- <aop:pointcut id="txPointcut" expression="execution(* com.lei.demo.service..*.*(..))" />
- <!-- Advisor定义,切入点和通知分别为txPointcut、txAdvice -->
- <aop:advisor pointcut-ref="txPointcut" advice-ref="txAdvice"/>
- </aop:config>
- </beans>
其中主要配置中是tx:advice和aop:config两个配置节,以Spring AOP的方式实现事务管理。
tx:advice配置了事务的管理者是transactionManager,同时tx:method也规定了如果方法名匹配“add*”和“get*”方法时使用事务,propagation是设定事务的传播级别。除了“add*”和“get*”方法,其他的方法的事务是只读的(典型地,对于只执行查询的事务你会将该属性设为true,如果出现了更新、插入或是删除语句时只读事务就会失败)
aop:config指定了一个aop:pointcut去引用上边的advice。
这样就通过AOP的拦截机制实现了事务,当然你还要用Spring的方式自己配置UserDAO和UserService。
二、 Annotation方式
第一步,首先看一下web.xml,如下:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
- xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
- http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
- id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
- <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
- <context-param>
- <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
- <param-value>classpath:/spring-*.xml</param-value>
- </context-param>
- <listener>
- <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
- </listener>
- <servlet>
- <servlet-name>lei-dispatcher</servlet-name>
- <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
- <init-param>
- <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
- <param-value>classpath:/lei-dispatcher-servlet.xml</param-value>
- </init-param>
- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
- </servlet>
- <servlet-mapping>
- <servlet-name>lei-dispatcher</servlet-name>
- <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
- </servlet-mapping>
- </web-app>
第二步,spring-hibernate配置,见以下spring-hibernate.xml配置
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
- xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
- xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
- xsi:schemaLocation="
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd
- ">
- <!-- Hibernate4 -->
- <!-- 加载资源文件 其中包含变量信息,必须在Spring配置文件的最前面加载,即第一个加载-->
- <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:persistence-mysql.properties" />
- <bean id="sessionFactory"
- class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
- <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
- <property name="packagesToScan">
- <list>
- <!-- 可以加多个包 -->
- <value>com.lei.demo.entity</value>
- </list>
- </property>
- <property name="hibernateProperties">
- <props>
- <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">${hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto}</prop>
- <prop key="hibernate.dialect">${hibernate.dialect}</prop>
- <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">${hibernate.show_sql}</prop>
- <!-- <prop key="hibernate.current_session_context_class">thread</prop> -->
- </props>
- </property>
- </bean>
- <!-- 数据库映射 -->
- <!-- class="org.apache.tomcat.dbcp.dbcp.BasicDataSource" -->
- <!-- class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource" -->
- <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
- <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}" />
- <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" />
- <property name="username" value="${jdbc.user}" />
- <property name="password" value="${jdbc.pass}" />
- </bean>
- <!-- 配置Hibernate事务管理器 -->
- <bean id="transactionManager"
- class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager">
- <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
- </bean>
- <!-- 配置事务异常封装 -->
- <bean id="persistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor"
- class="org.springframework.dao.annotation.PersistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor" />
- </beans>
第一节中xml配置事务中需要通过配置tx:advice和aop:config来增加事务的功能。此处采用全注释方法,这两个配置节就不需要了。
相应的需要在视图解析配置中启用注释,如下lei-dispatcher-servlet.xml
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
- xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
- xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
- xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
- xsi:schemaLocation="
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd
- ">
- <!-- 启动自动扫描 该包下所有的Bean(@Controller) -->
- <context:component-scan base-package="com.lei.demo" />
- <!-- 基于注释的事务,当注释中发现@Transactional时,使用id为“transactionManager”的事务管理器 -->
- <!-- 如果没有设置transaction-manager的值,则spring以缺省默认的事务管理器来处理事务,默认事务管理器为第一个加载的事务管理器 -->
- <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
- <!-- 定义视图解析器 -->
- <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
- <property name="prefix">
- <value>/WEB-INF/user/</value>
- </property>
- <property name="suffix">
- <value>.jsp</value>
- </property>
- </bean>
- </beans>
UserDAO如下
- package com.lei.demo.dao;
- import java.util.List;
- import javax.annotation.Resource;
- import org.hibernate.Query;
- import org.hibernate.Session;
- import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
- import com.lei.demo.entity.Users;
- @Repository
- public class UsersDAO {
- @Resource(name="sessionFactory")
- private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
- public void setSessionFactory(SessionFactory sessionFactory) {
- this.sessionFactory = sessionFactory;
- }
- public SessionFactory getSessionFactory() {
- return sessionFactory;
- }
- public List<Users> getAllUser(){
- String hsql="from users";
- Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
- Query query = session.createQuery(hsql);
- return query.list();
- }
- }
UserService.java如下
- package com.lei.demo.service;
- import javax.annotation.Resource;
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
- import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Isolation;
- import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
- import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
- import com.lei.demo.dao.*;
- @Service("userService")
- public class UserService {
- @Resource
- private UsersDAO userDao;
- @Transactional
- public int userCount(){
- return userDao.getAllUser().size();
- }
- public UsersDAO getUserDao() {
- return userDao;
- }
- public void setUserDao(UsersDAO userDao) {
- this.userDao = userDao;
- }
- }
这里,方法名userCount上加入@Transactional,说明这个方法要启用事务。如果类名UserService上加入@Transactional,则表明这个类中的所有方法都会启用事务。
如果配有多个transactionManager,例如配置有transactionManager1,和transactionManager2,则可以通过@Transactional(“transactionManager1”),的方式指定使用哪个数据源的事务。
源代码下载: