C++中的字符串操作基础

    //输出字符数组 其最后一位非‘\0’ 所以输出带？号
    char szbuf[] = {'m', 'a', 'q', 'i'};
    cout << szbuf << endl;

    //数组被截取，只输出‘hello’
    char szbuf_[50] = {'h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', '\0', ' ', 'f', 'r', 'i', 'e', 'n', 'd', 's', '.'};
    cout << szbuf_ << endl;

    //输出‘maqi’ 不同于‘例1’ 数组长度为5 最后一位为‘\0’
    char szbuf__[5] = {'m', 'a', 'q', 'i'};
    cout << szbuf__ << endl;

    //无论你怎么输入 最后输出的结果都为输入的内容
    char szbuf___[4];
    cin >> szbuf___;
    cout << szbuf___ << endl;

void cmpArrayAndString() {
    cout << "==========cmpArrayAndString=========="<< endl;
    char des[50] = "hello";
    int len = strlen(des);
    cout << "len = " << len << endl;
    int size = sizeof(des);
    cout << "size = " << size << endl;
}

打印结果:sizeof求的是数组长度，strlen求的是String的长度。

==========cmpArrayAndString==========
len = 5
size = 50

//堆内生成一个string
char *getString() {
    {
        char *s = (char *) calloc(100, sizeof(char *));
        if (s)
            strcpy(s, "abc");
        return s;
    }
}

    //获取字符串
char *mChars = getString();
    printf("%s\n", mChars);
    //复制
    char copy[10] = {0};
    strcpy(copy, mChars);
    cout << "copy===" << copy << endl;
    cout << "copy.len===" << strlen(copy) << endl;
    //比较“abc”和“9bc”
    int cmp = strcmp("9bc", mChars);
    cout << "cmp===" << cmp << endl;
    //9bc 小于 abc 结果为 -1；
    if (cmp < 0) {
//        strcat 不允许char* 拼接 因为 指针指向的是地址    
//        warning: ISO C++ forbids converting a string constant to 'char*' [-Wwrite-strings]
//        尝试解决 仍报错
//        typedef char *String;
//        String cmp = "acc";
//        尝试解决 使用数组解决
        char cmp[] = "acc";
        char *newString = strcat(cmp, mChars);
        cout << "newString===" << newString << endl;
    }
    //cmd：请按任意键继续. . .
    system("pause");
    释放堆内存
    free(mChars);

字符串的四种拼接方法

void toItoa() {
    string s = "maqi";
    int a = 520;
//方式一：_itoa
    char *buf = new char[10];//2147483647 int最大值
    _itoa(a, buf, 10);      //itoa虽然可以转化为各种进制，但是注意不能是float或者double
    cout << s + buf << " | ";
    _itoa(a, buf, 16);
    cout << s + buf << endl;
//方式二：ostringstream 
    ostringstream oss;
    a = 52;
    double b = .1314;
    oss << s << a << b;
    cout << oss.str() << endl;

//方式三：to_string 拼接 和 java 类似
    a = 520;
    string res = s + to_string(a);
    cout << res << endl;
    b = 5.20;
    res = s + to_string(b);
    //设置容量8，超出的部分丢弃
    res.resize(8);
    cout << res << endl;

//方式四：C语言原始方法：sprintf
    a = 52;
    b = .1314;
    char *ss = "maqi";
    char *bufs = new char[strlen(ss) + sizeof(a) + 1];
    sprintf(bufs, "%s%d%.4f", ss, a, b);
    printf("%s\n", bufs);
}

字符串切割的两种方法

vector<string> splitWithStl(const string &str, const string &pattern) {
    vector<string> resVec;

    if ("" == str) {
        return resVec;
    }
    //方便截取最后一段数据
    string strs = str + pattern;

    size_t pos = strs.find(pattern);
    size_t size = strs.size();

    while (pos != string::npos) {
        string x = strs.substr(0, pos);
        resVec.push_back(x);
        strs = strs.substr(pos + 1, size);
        pos = strs.find(pattern);
    }

    return resVec;
}

vector<string> split(const string &str, const string &pattern) {
    //const char* convert to char*
    char *strc = new char[strlen(str.c_str()) + 1];
    strcpy(strc, str.c_str());
    vector<string> resultVec;
    char *tmpStr = strtok(strc, pattern.c_str());
    while (tmpStr != NULL) {
        resultVec.push_back(string(tmpStr));
        tmpStr = strtok(NULL, pattern.c_str());
    }

    delete[] strc;

    return resultVec;
};

申明

vector<string> splitWithStl(const string &str, const string &pattern);

vector<string> split(const string &str, const string &pattern);

调用

void subStringfun(string name) {
    cout << "subStringfun:name = " << name << endl;
}

void subStringfun_(string name) {
    cout << "subStringfun:name = " << name << endl;
}

void splitOne() {
    string name = "maqi|666";
    const vector<string> &vector = splitWithStl(name, "|");
    cout << " vector.size() = " << vector.size() << endl;
    for_each(vector.begin(), vector.end(), subStringfun);
}

//注意这里" ,-.|" 匹配所有 功能比splitWithStl强大
void splitTwo() {
    string mName = "ma qi,666|000-111.";
    const vector<string> &vectorSplit = split(mName, " ,-.|");
    cout << " vectorSplit.size() = " << vectorSplit.size() << endl;
    for_each(vectorSplit.begin(), vectorSplit.end(), subStringfun_);
}

打印结果

字符串切割:
 vector.size() = 1
subStringfun:name = maqi|6 6 6
 vectorSplit.size() = 5
subStringfun:name = ma
subStringfun:name = qi
subStringfun:name = 666
subStringfun:name = 000
subStringfun:name = 111