C语言：字符串操作函数，内存操作函数实现

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*******前言 *******

我数一下，我发了几个帖子，1、2、3？

哈哈哈，没几个哈，感谢吾爱，让我学到了很多，乐于分享，共同进步！

最近也是在学c语言，也看了少许面试题

指针，数据结构，字符串操作肯定是重点

今天分享出来的是，一些字符串操作函数和一些内存操作函数的手动实现

内容应该不难，如有错误还请朋友们指出，我会认真改正的，希望一起学习进步

******* 目录 *******

字符串常见函数：

strlen、strcmp、strcpy、strlwr、strrev、strset、strstr、strupr、itoa、atoi、atof、ftoa

（希望初学者能够尝试用 下标访问 和 指针访问两种方式实现）

内存操作少许函数：

memccpy、memchr、memcpy、memicmp、memmove、memset

（希望读者能够认真手动实现）

当然实际开发中，这些函数直接调用就行了，

但是面试的时候，这是基础知识，这是考察你的基本功 和 砍你工资的大斧

因为简单，所以代码注释少，有疑惑的请告诉我，乐于交流

*******字符串函数 *******

1.strlen：计算字符串长度（不包含'\0'）

实现想法：遍历字符串，直到'\0'结束

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#include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<string.h>   //指针法 unsigned int mystrlenaddr( const char * str)  //为什么使用const char，我们只计数不对原数据进行改变 {          int length = 0;  //长度初始化为0          while (*str++)          {                  length++;          }          return length; }     void main() {          char * str = "fengcong is fucking too handsome" ;  //32个          //printf("%d\n", strlen(str));          printf ( "%d\n" , mystrlenaddr(str));            system ( "pause" ); }

2.strcmp：比较字符串大小（一般用于字符串排序）

实现想法：依次从字符串开始一直找到不同的那个字符进行比较，得出大小

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#include<string.h> #include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h>   //掌握指针法 int mystrcmp( char const * str1, const char * str2) {          while (*str1 == *str2 && *str1 != '0' )  //一直找到两个字符串不同的地方          {                  str1++;                  str2++;          }          if (*str1 > *str2)                  return 1;          else if (*str1 < *str2)                  return -1;          else                  return 0; }   void main() {          char * str = "feng1" ;          char * str1 = "feng2" ;            //printf("%d\n", strcmp(str, str1));            printf ( "%d\n" , mystrcmp(str, str1));              system ( "pause" ); }

3.strcpy：用于字符串复制（复制包含'\0'）

实现想法：一直复制到'\0'结束

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#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS #include<stdlib.h> #include<stdio.h> #include<string.h>   //指针法 char * mystrcpyaddr( char * dest, const char * source) {          if (dest == NULL || source == NULL)          {                  return NULL;   //如果目的操作或者源为空，那么久直接返回          }            while (*dest++ = *source++)  //装X写法                  ;          return dest; }   //下标法 char * mystrcpyindex( char * dest, const char * source) {          if (dest == NULL || source == NULL)          {                  return NULL;   //如果目的操作或者源为空，那么久直接返回          }          int i = 0;          while (source != '\0' )          {                  dest = source;                  i++;          }          dest = source; //因为要把最后的\0拷贝过去          return dest; }   void main() {          char * str = "fengcong is fucking too handsome" ;          char str1[100]; //目的字符数组          //strcpy(str1, str);          //printf("%s\n", str1);          mystrcpyindex(str1, str);          printf ( "%s\n" , str1);              system ( "pause" ); }

4.strlwr:大写转小写

实现想法：遍历字符串，遇到大写转为小写

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#include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<string.h>   char * mystrlwr( char * str) {          char * p1 = str;          while (*p1)          {                  if (*p1 >= 'A' && *p1 <= 'Z' )                  {                          *p1 += 32;                  }                  p1++;          }          return str; }   void main() {          char str[50] = "FENGCONG IS FUCKING TOO HANDSOME" ;          //printf("%s\n", _strlwr(str));          printf ( "%s\n" , mystrlwr(str));              system ( "pause" ); }

5.strrev：字符串逆转

实现想法：头首交换，直到中间

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#include<string.h> #include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h>   char * mystrrev( char * str) {          char * p2 = str;          char * p1 = str;          while (*p1++)          {                  ;          }          p1 -= 2; //回到最后一个字符          while (p1 - p2 >= 1)          {                  char temp = *p1;                  *p1 = *p2;                  *p2 = temp;                  p2++;                  p1--;          }          return str; }   void main() {          char str[50] = "fengcong is fucking too handsome" ;          //_strrev(str);          //printf("%s\n", str);          printf ( "%s\n" ,mystrrev(str));            system ( "pause" ); }

6.strset：将字符串全部设成某字符

实现想法：遍历字符串，每个字符设置某字符，直至'\0'

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#define  _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS #include<string.h> #include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h>   char * mystrset( char * str, int value) {          char * p1 = str;          while (*p1)          {                  *p1 = value;                  p1++;          }          return str; }   void main() {          char str[50] = "fengcong is fucking too handsome" ;          //printf("%s\n", _strset(str, 'A'));          printf ( "%s\n" , mystrset(str, 'A' ));            system ( "pause" ); }

7.strstr：寻找母串中是否存在某个子串（稍难）

实现想法：依次比对

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#include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<string.h>   //下标 法 char * mystrstrindex( char * const momstr, const char * const sonstr) //前者指针指向的数据可变，但是指针不可变，后者都不可变 {          int momlen = strlen (momstr); //母串的长度          int sonlen = strlen (sonstr); //子串的长度            for ( int i = 0; i < (momlen - sonlen); i++)  //从0开始循环母串，到momlen-sonlen停止          {                  int flag = 1;                  for ( int j = 0; j < sonlen; j++)                  {                            if (momstr[i + j] != sonstr[j])                          {                                  flag = 0;                                  break ;  //如果出现不相等就 退出循环，继续从下面一个寻找                          }                  }                  if (flag)                  {                          return (&momstr);                  }          }          return NULL; }   //指针法 char * mystrstraddr( char * const momstr, const char * const sonstr) {          char * mstr = momstr;  //母串            while (*mstr)          {                  char * sstr = sonstr;  //子串                  char * momnowstr = mstr;  //记录现在母串的位置                  int flag = 1;                  while (*sstr != 0)                  {                          if (*sstr != *momnowstr || *momnowstr == '0' )                          {                                  flag = 0;                                  break ;                          }                          momnowstr++;                          sstr++;                  }                  if (flag)                  {                          return mstr;                  }                                    mstr++; //母串对比位置+1          }          return NULL; }   void main() {          char * str = "fengcong is too fucking handsome" ;          //printf("%p", strstr(str, "fengcong"));          //printf("%p", mystrstrindex(str, "engcong"));          printf ( "%p" , mystrstraddr(str, "some" ));            system ( "pause" ); }

8.strupr:小写转大写

实现想法：依次遍历，遇到小写转为大写

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#define  _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS #include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<string.h>   char * mystrupr( char * str) {          char * p1 = str;          while (*p1)          {                  if (*p1 >= 'a' && *p1 <= 'z' )                  {                          *p1 -= 32;                  }                  p1++;          }          return str; }   void main() {          char str[50] = "fengcong is fucking too handsome" ;          //printf("%s\n", _strupr(str));          printf ( "%s\n" , mystrupr(str));              system ( "pause" ); }

9.itoa:整数转字符串

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#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS #include<stdlib.h> #include<stdio.h> #include<string.h>   char * myitoa( int value, char * str) {          char * pstr = str; //str本身不能改变，一会要返回str          if (value < 0)          {                  *pstr = '-' ;                  pstr++;                  value *= -1; //转变为正数处理          }          int wei = 1;  //数至少一位          int ivalue = value; //用于测试长度          while ((ivalue /=   10) != 0)          {                  wei++;          }            pstr += wei-1;          while (value % 10 != 0)          {                  *pstr-- = (value % 10)+ '0' ;                  value /= 10;          }          return str; }   void main() {          int num = -45644;          char str[20] = { 0 };            printf ( "%s" , myitoa(num, str));                system ( "pause" ); }

10.atoi：字符串转整数（遇到非数字字符结束）

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#include<stdlib.h> #include<stdio.h> #include<string.h>   int myatoi( const char * str) {          if (str == NULL)          {                  return 0;           }          int num = 0; //需要返回的值          int flag = 1; //记录正负号          if (*str == '-' )          {                  flag = -1;                  str++;          }          else if (*str == '+' )          {                  str++;          }            while (*str >= '0' && *str <= '9' )          {                  num= (num * 10 + (*str - '0' ));                  str++;          }            return num*flag; }   void main() {          char str[20] = "-57124" ;          int num = 0;            printf ( "%d\n" ,myatoi(str));                system ( "pause" ); }

11.atof:字符串转浮点数

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#include<stdlib.h> #include<stdio.h> #include<string.h>   double myatof( char const * str) {          if (str == NULL)                  return 0;            //首先判断有无符号位          int flag = 1;          if (*str == '-' )          {                  flag = -1;                  str++;          }          if (*str == '+' )          {                  str++;          }          int zhengshu = 0;  //存储整数部分          while (*str >= '0' && *str <= '9' )          {                  zhengshu = zhengshu * 10 + (*str - '0' );                  *str++;          }          //整数部分循环完了          double xiaoshu = 0.0;  //存储小数部分          //因为不明符号停止整数循环          if (*str != '.' )          {                  return (flag * zhengshu);          }          else //代表遇到. 结束          {                  str++; //指向小数部分第一位                  double i = 0.1;                  while (*str >= '0' && *str <= '9' )                  {                          xiaoshu = xiaoshu + (*str - '0' )*i;                          i /= 10;                          str++;                  }                    return flag *(zhengshu + xiaoshu);          } }   void main() {          char str[20] = "2.1554" ;          double db = 0.0;          printf ( "%lf\n" , myatof(str));              system ( "pause" ); }

12.ftoa：浮点数转字符串（浮点数存储不准确，可能有少许误差）

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#include<stdlib.h> #include<stdio.h> #include<string.h>   char * myftoa( double db, char * str) {          char * pstr = str;          //先判断 符号位          if (db < 0)          {                  *pstr = '-' ;                  db *= -1;  //转为正数处理                  pstr++;          }          //整数部分          int zhengshu = ( int )db;          int izhengshu = zhengshu; //牺牲于记录整数长度          int wei = 1;  //整数部分至少一位          while ((izhengshu /= 10) != 0)          {                  wei++;          }          pstr += wei - 1;          for ( int i = 0; i < wei; i++)          {                  *pstr-- = zhengshu % 10 + '0' ;                  zhengshu /= 10;          }          pstr += (wei+1);          *pstr = '.' ;          pstr++;          //小数部分          double xiaoshu = db - ( int )db;          for ( int i = 0; i < 6; i++)          {                  *pstr++ = ( int )(xiaoshu * 10) + '0' ;                  xiaoshu = xiaoshu * 10 - ( int )(xiaoshu * 10);          }          return str; }   void main() {          double db = -2.11;          char str[20] = { 0 };          printf ( "%s\n" , myftoa(db,str));                        system ( "pause" ); }

*******内存操作函数 *******

1.memccpy：内存拷贝，直到一个值结束

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#include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<memory.h> //下标法 void * mymemccpybyindex( void * dest, const void * sor, int val, size_t len) {          if (dest == NULL || sor == NULL)          {                  return NULL;          }          for ( int i = 0; i < len; i++)          {                  if ( ((( char *)dest) = (( char *)sor)) == val)                          return dest;          }          return dest; } //指针法 void * mymemccpybyaddr( void * dest, const void * sor, int val, size_t len) {          if (dest == NULL || sor == NULL)          {                  return NULL;          }          char * pdest = dest;          char * psor = sor;          char * plast = ( char *)sor + len;          while (psor < plast)          {                  if ((*pdest++ = *psor++) == val)                          return dest;            }          return dest; }   void main() {          char str[50] = "fengcong is fucking too handsome" ;          char * pstr = ( char [50]) { 0 };  //在栈上开辟一段内存          //printf("%s\n", memccpy(pstr,str,'s',32));          printf ( "%s\n" , mymemccpybyaddr(pstr, str, 'f' , 32));            system ( "pause" ); }

2.memchr:某段内存中寻找某个值

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#include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<memory.h>   void * mymemchar( void * buf, int val, size_t size) {          if (buf == NULL)          {                  return NULL;          }          char * p = buf;          char plast = p + size;          while (p < plast)          {                  if (*p == val)                  {                          return p;                  }                  p++;          }          return NULL; }   void main() {          char str[50] = "fengcong is fucking too handsome" ;          printf ( "%s\n" , mymemchar(str, 'g' , 8));              system ( "pause" ); }

3.memcpy:拷贝某段内存

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#include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<memory.h> //下标法 void * mymemcpybyindex( void * dest, const void * sor, size_t len) {          if (dest == NULL || sor == NULL)          {                  return NULL;          }          for ( int i = 0; i < len; i++)          {                  (( char *)dest) = (( char *)sor);          }          return dest; } //指针法 void * mymemcpybyaddr( void * dest, const void * sor, size_t len) {          if (dest == NULL || sor == NULL)          {                  return NULL;          }          char * pdest = dest;          char * psor = sor;          char * plast = ( char * )sor + len;          while (psor < plast)          {                  *pdest++ = *psor++;            }          return dest; }   void main() {          char str[50] = "fengcong is fucking too handsome" ;          char * pstr = ( char [50]) { 0 };  //在栈上开辟一段内存            //printf("%s\n", memcpy(pstr, str, 32));          printf ( "%s\n" , mymemcpybyaddr(pstr, str, 31));              system ( "pause" ); }

4.memicmp:比较某段内存大小（一个字节一个字节比较，像strcmp）

注意：切不可用来比较整数，除非一字节整数，因为整数存储方式是高位高字节

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#include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<memory.h>   int mymemicmpbyaddr( const void * buf1, const void * buf2, size_t size) {          char * p1 = buf1;          char * p2 = buf2;          int i = 0;          while (*p1 == *p2 && i < size)          {                  p1++;                  p2++;                  i++;          }          if (*p1 > *p2)          {                  return 1;          }          else if (*p1 < *p2)                  return -1;          else                  return 0;   }   void main() {          char str[50] = "fengcong is fucking too handsome" ;          char str1[50] = "fengfeng is fucking too handsome" ;            printf ( "%d\n" , mymemicmpbyaddr(str, str1, 32));          system ( "pause" ); }

5.memmove：和memcpy类似，但是memmove采用了中间空间，memcpy是直接拷贝

两者区别之处在于当拷贝地址重复的时候，结果不一样（比较代码可知）

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#include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<memory.h> #include<malloc.h> void * mymemmove( void * dest, const void * sor, size_t size) {          char * ptemp = malloc (size); //中间 地址          memcpy (ptemp, sor, size);          memcpy (dest, ptemp, size);          free (ptemp); }     void main() {          char str[50] = "fengcong is fucking too handsome" ;          //memmove(str + 3, str + 4, 2);          mymemmove(str + 3, str + 4, 2);          printf ( "%s\n" ,str);                system ( "pause" ); }

6.memset：对指定内存每个字节赋某个值

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#include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<memory.h>   //下标法 void * mymemsetbyindex( void * dest, int val, size_t len) {          if (dest == NULL)          {                  return NULL;          }          if (len == 0)          {                  return dest;          }          char * p = dest;          for ( int i = 0; i < len; i++)          {                  p = val;          }          return dest; }   //指针法 void * mymemsetbyaddr( void * dest, int val, size_t len) {          if (dest == NULL)          {                  return NULL;          }          if (len == 0)          {                  return dest;          }          char * p = dest;          char * plast = p + len;          while (p < plast)          {                  *p++ = val;          }          return dest; }   void main() {          char str[50] = "fengcong is fucking too handsome" ;          //printf("%s\n", memset(str, 65, 8));          printf ( "%s\n" , mymemsetbyaddr(str, 65, 8));          system ( "pause" ); }

*******结束语 *******

内容应该都不难，希望大家讨论讨论，认真实现，不要让这基本功成为

面试官挥动大斧砍你工资的把柄

文中代码区，少许地方少*，不知道为什么，请注意添加
再会了，还是那句话，你们开心就好，拜个早年！