OVS datapath主流程分析（二十一）

网络报文到达主机后，最终会到达协议栈的netif_receive_skb函数，该函数会通过设备对象的rx_handler函数把报文交给OVS处理。 而该rx_handler函数其实就是OVS 定义的netdev_frame_hook函数，本篇内容就是从netdev_frame_hook函数开始，分析报文在datapath中的整个主处理过程。

1、netdev_frame_hook函数

该函数为OVS与内核桥接点，所以函数定义受内核定义影响

static rx_handler_result_t netdev_frame_hook(struct sk_buff **pskb)
{
	struct sk_buff *skb = *pskb;
 
	if (unlikely(skb->pkt_type == PACKET_LOOPBACK))
		return RX_HANDLER_PASS;
 
	port_receive(skb);
	return RX_HANDLER_CONSUMED;
}
#elif LINUX_VERSION_CODE >= KERNEL_VERSION(2,6,36) || \
      defined HAVE_RHEL_OVS_HOOK
/* Called with rcu_read_lock and bottom-halves disabled. */
static struct sk_buff *netdev_frame_hook(struct sk_buff *skb)
{
	if (unlikely(skb->pkt_type == PACKET_LOOPBACK))
		return skb;
 
	port_receive(skb);
	return NULL;
}
#elif LINUX_VERSION_CODE >= KERNEL_VERSION(2,6,32)
/*
 * Used as br_handle_frame_hook.  (Cannot run bridge at the same time, even on
 * different set of devices!)
 */
/* Called with rcu_read_lock and bottom-halves disabled. */
static struct sk_buff *netdev_frame_hook(struct net_bridge_port *p,
					 struct sk_buff *skb)
{
	port_receive(skb);
	return NULL;
}
#else
#error
#endif

2、port_receive函数

#ifndef HAVE_METADATA_DST
#define port_receive(skb)  netdev_port_receive(skb, NULL)
#else
#define port_receive(skb)  netdev_port_receive(skb, skb_tunnel_info(skb))   //报文中包含隧道信息，说明协议栈支持隧道报文了
#endif

3、netdev_port_receive函数

/* Must be called with rcu_read_lock. */
void netdev_port_receive(struct sk_buff *skb, struct ip_tunnel_info *tun_info)
{
	struct vport *vport;
 
	vport = ovs_netdev_get_vport(skb->dev);    //通过netdev设备获得vport对象，是实现在datapath中转发的基础
	if (unlikely(!vport))
		goto error;
 
	if (unlikely(skb_warn_if_lro(skb)))
		goto error;
 
	/* Make our own copy of the packet.  Otherwise we will mangle the
	 * packet for anyone who came before us (e.g. tcpdump via AF_PACKET).
	 */
	skb = skb_share_check(skb, GFP_ATOMIC);
	if (unlikely(!skb))
		return;
 
	skb_push(skb, ETH_HLEN);
	ovs_skb_postpush_rcsum(skb, skb->data, ETH_HLEN);
	ovs_vport_receive(vport, skb, tun_info);     //基于vport进行处理
	return;
error:
	kfree_skb(skb);
}

4、ovs_vport_receive函数

int ovs_vport_receive(struct vport *vport, struct sk_buff *skb,
		      const struct ip_tunnel_info *tun_info)
{
	struct sw_flow_key key;
	int error;
 
	OVS_CB(skb)->input_vport = vport;
	OVS_CB(skb)->mru = 0;
	if (unlikely(dev_net(skb->dev) != ovs_dp_get_net(vport->dp))) {
		u32 mark;
 
		mark = skb->mark;
		skb_scrub_packet(skb, true);
		skb->mark = mark;
		tun_info = NULL;
	}
 
	ovs_skb_init_inner_protocol(skb);
	skb_clear_ovs_gso_cb(skb);
	/* Extract flow from 'skb' into 'key'. */
	error = ovs_flow_key_extract(tun_info, skb, &key);	//根据报文生成key
	if (unlikely(error)) {
		kfree_skb(skb);
		return error;
	}
	ovs_dp_process_packet(skb, &key);	//报文处理
	return 0;
}

5、ovs_dp_process_packet函数

void ovs_dp_process_packet(struct sk_buff *skb, struct sw_flow_key *key)
{
	const struct vport *p = OVS_CB(skb)->input_vport;
	struct datapath *dp = p->dp;
	struct sw_flow *flow;
	struct sw_flow_actions *sf_acts;
	struct dp_stats_percpu *stats;
	u64 *stats_counter;
	u32 n_mask_hit;
 
	stats = this_cpu_ptr(dp->stats_percpu);
 
	/* Look up flow. */
	flow = ovs_flow_tbl_lookup_stats(&dp->table, key, skb_get_hash(skb),	//查询转发表
					 &n_mask_hit);
	if (unlikely(!flow)) {		//如果没有查到流表，则上送的upcall线程处理
		struct dp_upcall_info upcall;
		int error;
 
		memset(&upcall, 0, sizeof(upcall));
		upcall.cmd = OVS_PACKET_CMD_MISS;
		upcall.portid = ovs_vport_find_upcall_portid(p, skb);
		upcall.mru = OVS_CB(skb)->mru;
		error = ovs_dp_upcall(dp, skb, key, &upcall);
		if (unlikely(error))
			kfree_skb(skb);
		else
			consume_skb(skb);
		stats_counter = &stats->n_missed;
		goto out;
	}
 
	ovs_flow_stats_update(flow, key->tp.flags, skb);
	sf_acts = rcu_dereference(flow->sf_acts);		//获取action
	ovs_execute_actions(dp, skb, sf_acts, key);		//对报文执行action
 
	stats_counter = &stats->n_hit;
 
out:
	/* Update datapath statistics. */
	u64_stats_update_begin(&stats->syncp);
	(*stats_counter)++;
	stats->n_mask_hit += n_mask_hit;
	u64_stats_update_end(&stats->syncp);
}

背景：

• 报文匹配的流程可以说是对一个switch效率影响最大的地方，现在已经有很多厂家（包括一些研究院）说可以做到比OVS效率高十倍的流表匹配。
• 当然这是有可能的，毕竟都是纯软件，非常容易创新。而ovs也没有做多级流表，跟of标准上不一定比得过别人。我们接下来就分析一下OVS的匹配流程。

TIPS：

• 整体的匹配逻辑很简单，都是OpenFlow规定好的。
• 报文通过dp时先查找精确匹配表（facet），如果找不到，那么进行upcall，上送到用户态。
• 在用户态会查找模糊匹配表（table），这个地方可以说是较没有效率的地方。下面我们看一看具体的代码。

调用流程（内核）：
ovs_vport_receive->ovs_dp_process_received_packet->ovs_flow_tbl_lookup->ovs_dp_upcall->queue_userspace_packet

调用流程（用户态）：
handle_miss_upcalls->handle_flow_miss->rule_dpif_lookup->rule_dpif_lookup__->classifier_lookup->find_match

1、在handle_miss_upcalls里解析了报文，生成了报文的精确匹配项，如果我们把它遮盖掉（mask）一部分，那么它就是一个模糊匹配的flow了。实际上ovs也就是这么做的。

2、注意到每个flow table拥有一个cls，一个cls拥有多个cls_table，cls_table中拥有mask完全一致的flow。

3、而在find_match中，ovs将精确匹配项对应cls_table的mask位置0，然后通过hash查找是否有匹配的flow。

6、ovs_execute_actions函数

int ovs_execute_actions(struct datapath *dp, struct sk_buff *skb,
			const struct sw_flow_actions *acts,
			struct sw_flow_key *key)
{
	int level = this_cpu_read(exec_actions_level);
	int err;
 
	if (unlikely(level >= EXEC_ACTIONS_LEVEL_LIMIT)) {
		if (net_ratelimit())
			pr_warn("%s: packet loop detected, dropping.\n",
				ovs_dp_name(dp));
 
		kfree_skb(skb);
		return -ELOOP;
	}
 
	this_cpu_inc(exec_actions_level);
	err = do_execute_actions(dp, skb, key,
				 acts->actions, acts->actions_len);    //执行action
 
	if (!level)
		process_deferred_actions(dp);
 
	this_cpu_dec(exec_actions_level);
 
	/* This return status currently does not reflect the errors
	 * encounted during deferred actions execution. Probably needs to
	 * be fixed in the future.
	 */
	return err;
}

7、do_execute_actions函数

static int do_execute_actions(struct datapath *dp, struct sk_buff *skb,
			      struct sw_flow_key *key,
			      const struct nlattr *attr, int len)
{
	/* Every output action needs a separate clone of 'skb', but the common
	 * case is just a single output action, so that doing a clone and
	 * then freeing the original skbuff is wasteful.  So the following code
	 * is slightly obscure just to avoid that.
	 */
	int prev_port = -1;
	const struct nlattr *a;
	int rem;
 
	for (a = attr, rem = len; rem > 0;
	     a = nla_next(a, &rem)) {
		int err = 0;
 
		if (unlikely(prev_port != -1)) {     //从某个端口发出
			struct sk_buff *out_skb = skb_clone(skb, GFP_ATOMIC);    //克隆报文
 
			if (out_skb)
				do_output(dp, out_skb, prev_port, key);    //输出报文，为简化起见，本篇以output为例，其他action在后续分析
 
			prev_port = -1;
		}
 
		switch (nla_type(a)) {
		case OVS_ACTION_ATTR_OUTPUT:
			prev_port = nla_get_u32(a);
			break;
 
		case OVS_ACTION_ATTR_USERSPACE:
			output_userspace(dp, skb, key, a, attr, len); 
			break;
 
		case OVS_ACTION_ATTR_HASH:
			execute_hash(skb, key, a);
			break;
 
		case OVS_ACTION_ATTR_PUSH_MPLS:
			err = push_mpls(skb, key, nla_data(a));
			break;
 
		case OVS_ACTION_ATTR_POP_MPLS:
			err = pop_mpls(skb, key, nla_get_be16(a));
			break;
 
		case OVS_ACTION_ATTR_PUSH_VLAN:
			err = push_vlan(skb, key, nla_data(a));
			break;
 
		case OVS_ACTION_ATTR_POP_VLAN:
			err = pop_vlan(skb, key);
			break;
 
		case OVS_ACTION_ATTR_RECIRC:
			err = execute_recirc(dp, skb, key, a, rem);
			if (nla_is_last(a, rem)) {
				/* If this is the last action, the skb has
				 * been consumed or freed.
				 * Return immediately.
				 */
				return err;
			}
			break;
 
		case OVS_ACTION_ATTR_SET:
			err = execute_set_action(skb, key, nla_data(a));
			break;
 
		case OVS_ACTION_ATTR_SET_MASKED:
		case OVS_ACTION_ATTR_SET_TO_MASKED:
			err = execute_masked_set_action(skb, key, nla_data(a));
			break;
 
		case OVS_ACTION_ATTR_SAMPLE:
			err = sample(dp, skb, key, a, attr, len);
			break;
 
		case OVS_ACTION_ATTR_CT:
			if (!is_flow_key_valid(key)) {
				err = ovs_flow_key_update(skb, key);
				if (err)
					return err;
			}
 
			err = ovs_ct_execute(ovs_dp_get_net(dp), skb, key,
					     nla_data(a));
 
			/* Hide stolen IP fragments from user space. */
			if (err)
				return err == -EINPROGRESS ? 0 : err;
			break;
		}
 
		if (unlikely(err)) {
			kfree_skb(skb);
			return err;
		}
	}
 
	if (prev_port != -1)
		do_output(dp, skb, prev_port, key);
	else
		consume_skb(skb);
 
	return 0;
}

8、do_output函数

static void do_output(struct datapath *dp, struct sk_buff *skb, int out_port,
		      struct sw_flow_key *key)
{
	struct vport *vport = ovs_vport_rcu(dp, out_port);           //获取出端口的vport对象
 
	if (likely(vport)) {
		u16 mru = OVS_CB(skb)->mru;
 
		if (likely(!mru || (skb->len <= mru + ETH_HLEN))) {   
			ovs_vport_send(vport, skb);                   //发送报文
		} else if (mru <= vport->dev->mtu) {
			__be16 ethertype = key->eth.type;
 
			if (!is_flow_key_valid(key)) {
				if (eth_p_mpls(skb->protocol))
					ethertype = ovs_skb_get_inner_protocol(skb);
				else
					ethertype = vlan_get_protocol(skb);
			}
 
			ovs_fragment(vport, skb, mru, ethertype);
		} else {
			OVS_NLERR(true, "Cannot fragment IP frames");
			kfree_skb(skb);
		}
	} else {
		kfree_skb(skb);
	}
}

9、ovs_vport_send函数

void ovs_vport_send(struct vport *vport, struct sk_buff *skb)
{
	int mtu = vport->dev->mtu;
 
	if (unlikely(packet_length(skb) > mtu && !skb_is_gso(skb))) {
		net_warn_ratelimited("%s: dropped over-mtu packet: %d > %d\n",
				     vport->dev->name,
				     packet_length(skb), mtu);
		vport->dev->stats.tx_errors++;
		goto drop;
	}
 
	skb->dev = vport->dev;      //skb的dev设备，设置成vport关联的netdev设备
	vport->ops->send(skb);      //调用vport对应vport_ops的send函数，如果是ovs_netdev_vport_ops，则调用内核的dev_queue_xmit函数，其他种类的vport后续分析
	return;
 
drop:
	kfree_skb(skb);
}

至此报文从进入到OVS到报文离开OVS已经全部完成，这里只是最简单的流程，后续逐步丰富之。

原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/one_clouder/article/details/52388422