c++ 多继承及其二义性

内容来源: 传智播客

上面继承关系中，b1类与b2类同时继承自b类，c类继承自b1类与b2类。

所以当调用b类时，c++编译器不知道b类成员变量等到底是来源于b1还是b2类，会导致二义性，引起失败。

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class B {
public:
	int b=3;
	void print1() {
		cout << "b = " << b << endl;
	}
};

class B1 :  public B {
public:
	int b1=1;
	void print2() {
		cout << "b = " << b << endl;
	}
};
class B2 :  public B {
public:
	int b2=1;
	void print3() {
		cout << "b = " << b << endl;
	}
};
class C : public B1, public B2 {
public:
	int c = 0;
	void print4() {
		cout << "c = " << c << endl;
	}
};

int main() {

	C c1;
	c1.print4();
	c1.print1(); //错误， 产生二义性
	system("pause");

}

上述代码在C++编译器中会产生二义性。

 

虚继承  (添加  virtual关键字)

解决方式是虚继承， 即在b1类继承b类与b2类继承b类上分别添加virtual关键字，

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class B {
public:
	int b=3;
	void print1() {
		cout << "b = " << b << endl;
	}
};

class B1 : virtual public B {
public:
	int b1=1;
	void print2() {
		cout << "b = " << b << endl;
	}
};
class B2 : virtual  public B {
public:
	int b2=1;
	void print3() {
		cout << "b = " << b << endl;
	}
};
class C : public B1, public B2 {
public:
	int c = 0;
	void print4() {
		cout << "c = " << c << endl;
	}
};

int main() {

	C c1;
	c1.print4();
	c1.print1();
	system("pause");

}