L5 U3 讲述故事

Module 1 解释你和某人的相识

1. 过去进行时

过去进行时
使用过去进行时表示过去发生并持续了一段时间的一个动作或事件。用动词 be 的过去时和动词的 + ing 形式构成过去进行时。
A: I met Elsa in Spain. I was visiting my brother in Madrid. We were eating tapas, and she walked into the restaurant. 我在西班牙碰见了 Elsa。我当时正在马德里看望我的兄弟。我们正在餐馆吃西班牙塔帕，这时她走了进来。
B: Were you hoping to find a girlfriend? 你当时想着找女朋友吗？
A: No, I was just lucky. I really wasn't trying to find a girlfriend.
注意，过去进行时态常用于介绍或提供故事的背景信息。

So, I was driving in my car. Then I saw the accident.

What was she doing?
We were painting pictures.我们在作画。
Were you having a good time?你玩得开心吗？
I was visiting her brother.我在探望她的兄弟。
He was swimming in the pool.他在游泳池游泳。
Was he going to school?他去上学吗？

2. 讲述故事

讲故事的惯用方法
描述过去发生的事情时，使用这些常见的讲故事的惯用方法。

故事背景中的过去进行时
设定故事背景时，使用过去进行时态
Let me tell you the story about how I met Shane. I was sitting in the movie theater.
我告诉你我是怎么遇见 Shane 的故事。我坐在电影院里。

开头和结尾
你讲的故事应该有头有尾。
I was sitting in the movie theater. He dropped his pizza on his shoes. I helped him clean up, and we left together.
我坐在电影院里。他把披萨掉自己鞋上了，我帮他弄干净，然后一起离开了。

眼神交流和手势
在讲故事时，有效运用肢体语言，可以让故事更加吸引人。开始讲时，注视听众的眼睛，尽量保持眼神交流。你还可以使用手势来帮助说明事情。
I caught a really big fish.
（伸出双手放在两旁，展示鱼的长度。）
I couldn't believe it!
（伸出双手，掌心朝上，表示难以相信。）
My stomach really hurt. （把手放在肚子上表示疼痛。）

3. 按顺序排列事件

故事事件的排序
使用类似表达开始故事。
At first, I didn't like him.
In the beginning, he seemed unfriendly.

使用类似表达继续讲述故事。
Later, we started talking in the break room.
After that, we had lunch a couple of times.
之后，我们一起吃过几次午饭。
Next, we went on a date.

使用类似表达结束故事。
Finally, he asked me to marry him.
In the end, we got married and had three children.

At first, they were just playing tennis together.
Then they were sending each other texts.
In the end, they made a date.
In the beginning, she thought he was angry.
Later, he was calling her every day.
After that, she met his parents.

Module 2 谈论关系

1. 关系

关系单词

个人关系
有许多描述个人关系的方法。Close friends 是指和你关系非常好的人。
Mary and I are very close friends.
Mary 和我是一对密友。

Old friends 是指你认识很长时间的人。
John and I are old friends. I met him 20 years ago.

Buddy 是表示朋友的非正式用语。注意，该词多为男性使用，指代他们的男性朋友。
My buddy Harry and I went to college together.

Relatives 是指你家族中的人，比如 cousins 和 aunts。
For New Year's Eve, all of my wife's relatives are coming over for a party.

职业关系
有许多描述职业关系的方法。Co-workers 和 colleagues 是指和你共事的人。两个词是同义词，意思相同。
Sarah and I are colleagues.
Martin is a co-worker.

boss 和 manager 也表示同一事情，但 boss 正式程度更低。
Martina is my boss.
My manager is on vacation.

使用 acquaintance 表示你了解一点的人。这可能是个人关系，也可能是职业关系。
Antonio is an acquaintance of mine. I don't really know him very well.

I've known my best friend for 22 years.我和我最要好的朋友认识 22 年了。
Nate's just an acquaintance, not really a friend.
Nate 只是熟人，不是真正的朋友。
My colleague at work was helping me with a project.我的同事在帮我做一个项目。
I met Pat when I was 8, so we're old friends.
Her niece, Katie, is her closest relative.

2. 搭配过去进行时的 When 从句

含有过去进行时的'When' 从句
想想过去某一时刻你正在做某事，这时被另一件事中断了。也许你正在写邮件，这时电话铃响了，也许你正在看电视，这时有人敲前门。

用过去进行时描述动作在某一个时间正在进行，一个含有一般过去时的when 从句用来表达动作被打断。
I was writing an email when the phone rang.
I was taking a shower when someone knocked on the door.

3. 提供细节和例子

提供细节和例子

写下主题句后，提供支持主题句的细节和例子。细节和例子可以帮助你清楚地表达主题的意思，同时读者也可能会觉得它们很有意思。

阅读某人第一次遇见他的好友的情景。注意以下细节和例子：

swimming
8 years old
incredibly tall
taller than others
asked a question
an orange swim cap
a purple mouth
laughed

My Best Friend Natasha

I first met my best friend when we were swimming at summer camp. We were 8 years old. Natasha was incredibly tall. She was taller than all the other children. She asked me a question: 'Why are you wearing that orange swim cap?' So I asked her: 'Why are you so tall?' Natasha laughed. Her mouth was purple from eating strange candy. I laughed, too.

Module 3 谈论美好的经历

1. 形容词和副词

形容词和副词
形容词是修饰名词的单词。它们可用在名词之前。
Martin is a lucky guy.

形容词也可用在动词 be 之后。
Martin is lucky.

副词是修饰动词或形容词的单词。它们用于动词之后。
He swims quickly.

副词也可用于形容词之前。
He is really fast.

副词常常用于句子的开头。在这种情况下，副词定下了全句的基调。
Surprisingly, John didn't get the job.

许多形容词在词尾加 -ly 即可变为副词。
fortunate - fortunately
Fortunately, John met Mary. He is a fortunate man.

注意词尾为 -y 的形容词。如变为副词，你只需改 -y 为i，再加 -ly。
lucky - luckily

如形容词以 l 结尾，只需加 -ly。注意双写 l：
grateful - gratefully

I learned a lot from Ms. Li, and I'm grateful to her.
我从李小姐身上学到了很多，我很感激她。
Working with Mom was a very positive experience.
和妈妈一起工作，这种经历非常有帮助。
Surprisingly, he didn't get the job.
Heather got an unexpected promotion at work.
Fortunately, Jean found her wallet.
I'm lucky that I met Casey.

2. 状态动词

状态动词

有些动词不描述动作 ——它们描述状态、状况或形势。它们称为 stative verbs。注意，这些动词几乎从不用于 -ing 形式。

类似 see、hear 和 know 的静态动词可描述你感知或理解的东西。
I hear birds outside.

have 和 own 等静态动词可描述你拥有的东西。
She has a new car.

love 和 hate 等静态动词可描述你对某事的感受。
I hate vegetables!

记住：静态动词几乎从不用于 -ing 形式。
正确：
I know John.
错误：
I am knowing John.

3. 表达情感

描述情感
要描述自己的感受，你可以使用动词 feel 或 be。
I was really embarrassed.
I felt guilty.

要描述他人的感受，如果你肯定他的感受，你可以使用动词 be。
He was upset.

如果你觉得你知道对方的感受但不是完全肯定，使用动词 seem。
He seemed upset.

描述对于某一事件的感受时，使用 be 和 happen等动词。
The hike was fantastic!
Something crazy happened.

I was really upset when I got fired.
I forgot the date and felt guilty for three days.
After our road trip, I felt fantastic.
Something crazy happened.
Did he seem calm after going to the spa?
Everyone seemed so embarrassed.

4. 叙述现在时

叙述现在时

你可以用现在时讲述过去发生的事情。使用现在时，可以让人感觉故事正在发生，更加生动。讲故事时，人们常常在一般现在时和一般过去时之间来回变换。
OK, so it's yesterday morning. I wake up. I'm still sleepy. I look out the window. I couldn't believe it! There's a wolf in my backyard. And it's sitting in my favorite chair.

Module 4 讲述有关糟糕经历的故事

1. 灾难和紧急事件

disaster 灾难
pothole
I ended up on the sidewalk.
我最终倒在人行道上。
ambulance
badly hurt
broken arm

2. 搭配过去进行时的While从句

含过去进行时的'While' 从句

使用 while + 过去进行时，描述被另一动作中断的一个持续动作(While it was raining)。中断的动作使用一般过去时(the electricity went out)。
While it was raining, the electricity went out.下雨的时候停电了。
While we were sleeping, the electricity came back on.

当两个过去持续的动作同时发生，你可以把 while 用在任意一个动作上。
While Ken was calling the police, the neighbor's dog was barking.
While I was driving, I was putting on my lip gloss.

如果 while 从句位于句后，不使用逗号。
The electricity came back on while we were sleeping.
The neighbor's dog was barking while Ken was calling the police.

She was watching TV while he was studying.
I didn't see the sign while I was driving.
While it was raining, he took a nap.

3. 句中重读

句子重音
要达到有效的交流，大声说出每个句子里最重要的词以表示强调。注意：terrible 和 accident在句子里是重读的。
What a terrible accident!

注意句中的ambulance 和fast要重读：
The ambulance was going too fast.

I was watching a movie at the theater.
He dropped his hot pizza.
It fell on three people.
She was laughing and laughing.
It was really funny.
That was my best date ever.

4. 听众听故事的反应

pizza delivery guy 送披萨的外卖员
No. What about it?
What happened?
Oh, no.
So then what happened?
Ouch.
Were you badly hurt?

故事听众的表达短语
在听故事时，使用类似表达表示理解、支持或同情。
Oh, no!
How terrible!
What bad luck!
I bet!

使用类似表达询问更多细节。
What happened?
So, then what happened?
Were you hurt?
Weren't you afraid?