golang基础(八)

1、

// error
import (
	"fmt"
	"time"
)

type MyError struct {
	When time.Time
	What string

}
func (e *MyError) Error() string { // 该函数意味MyError实现了error接口(内建)
	return fmt.Sprintf("at %v, %s",
		e.When, e.What)
}
func run() error {
	return &MyError{
		time.Now(),
		"it didn't work",
	}
}

func main() {
	if err := run(); err != nil {
		fmt.Println(err) //输出同下，这和内部实现有关吧
		// fmt.Println(err.Error())
	}
}

2、reader

import (
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"strings"
)

func main() {
	r := strings.NewReader("Hello, Reader!")
	b := make([]byte, 8)
	fmt.Println(b)
	for {
		n, err := r.Read(b)
		fmt.Printf("n = %v err = %v b = %v\n", n, err, b)
		fmt.Printf("b[:n] = %q\n", b[:n])
		if err == io.EOF {
			break
		}
	}
	/*
	n = 8 err = <nil> b = [72 101 108 108 111 44 32 82]
	b[:n] = "Hello, R"
	n = 6 err = <nil> b = [101 97 100 101 114 33 32 82]
	b[:n] = "eader!"
	n = 0 err = EOF b = [101 97 100 101 114 33 32 82]
	b[:n] = ""
	*/
}

2.1、

type rot13Reader struct {
	r io.Reader
}

func (rot13 *rot13Reader) Read(b []byte) (int, error) {
	return (*rot13).r.Read(b)
}
func testReader2() {
	s := strings.NewReader("Lbh penpxrq gur pbqr!")
	r := rot13Reader{s}
	io.Copy(os.Stdout, &r)
}

3、web server

import (
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"net/http"
)
type Hello struct{}

func (h Hello) ServeHTTP(
	w http.ResponseWriter,
	r *http.Request) {
	fmt.Fprint(w, "Hello!")
}
func main() {
	var h Hello
	err := http.ListenAndServe("localhost:4000", h)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
}

包 http 通过任何实现了 http.Handler 的值来响应 HTTP 请求：

package http
type Handler interface {
    ServeHTTP(w ResponseWriter, r *Request)
}

3.1、

import (
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"net/http"
)

type String string
type Struct struct {
    Greeting string
    Punct    string
    Who      string
}

func (str String) ServeHTTP(
	w http.ResponseWriter,
	r *http.Request) {
	fmt.Fprint(w, str)
}

func (s *Struct) ServeHTTP(
	w http.ResponseWriter,
	r *http.Request) {
	fmt.Fprint(w, fmt.Sprintf("%v%v%v", (*s).Greeting, (*s).Punct,
	(*s).Who))
}

func testWebServer2() {
	// str := String("I'm a frayed knot.")
	str := String("hello world")
	s := &Struct{"Hello", ":", "Gophers!"}

	http.Handle("/string", str) // 注册处理方法
	http.Handle("/struct", s)
	log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe("localhost:4000", nil))
}