C(四)

1. union

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
union Data
{
   int i;
   float f;
   char  str[20];
};
 
int main( )
{
   union Data data;        
   printf( "Memory size occupied by data : %d\n", sizeof(data)); // 20
   data.i = 10;
   printf("data.i : %d\n", data.i);
   data.f = 220.5;
   printf("data.f : %f\n", data.f);
   strcpy(data.str, "C Programming");
   printf("data.str : %s\n", data.str);
   return 0;
}

2. typedef

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
typedef struct Books
{
   char  title[50];
   char  author[50];
   char  subject[100];
   int   book_id;
} Book; 
int main( )
{
   Book book;
   strcpy( book.title, "C 教程");
   strcpy( book.author, "Runoob"); 
   strcpy( book.subject, "编程语言");
   book.book_id = 12345;
   getchar();
}

3. gets(), puts()

#include <stdio.h>
int main( )
{
   char str[100];
   printf( "Enter a value :");
   gets(str);
 
   printf( "\nYou entered: ");
   puts(str);
   printf("haha");
   getchar();
}   

4. ANSI C预定义宏

printf("%s %s\n", __DATE__, __TIME__); // 打印当前日期、时间

#if !defined(MESSAGE)
    #define MESSAGE "hello"
#endif

int main(void)
{
   printf("Here is the message: %s\n", MESSAGE);  
   getchar();
}   

// 参数化的宏
#define MAX(x,y) x > y ? x : y
// #define MAX(x,y) ((x) > (y) ? (x) : (y))
int main(void)
{
   printf("Max between 20 and 10 is %d\n", MAX(10, 20));  
   getchar();
   return 0;
}

#ifndef HEADER_FILE
#define HEADER_FILE
the entire header file file

#endif