RSA加密明文密码传输

前言：前端对用户输入的密码明文传输给后端是不安全的行为，所以要将明文密码转成密文。而相比md5、对称加密、base64来说，用 RSA 非对称加密是较安全的方式。
下面便是代码实现，拿来即用。

1.生成一对公私钥

 public static void main(String[] args) {
        KeyPairGenerator keyPairGenerator = null;
        try {
            keyPairGenerator = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA");
        } catch (Exception e) {
        }
        // 初始化密钥对生成器
        keyPairGenerator.initialize(1024, new SecureRandom());
        // 生成一个密钥对，保存在keyPair中
        KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGenerator.generateKeyPair();
        RSAPrivateKey privateKey = (RSAPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate();
        RSAPublicKey publicKey = (RSAPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic();
        // 得到公钥字符串
        String publicKeyString = new String(Base64.encodeBase64(publicKey.getEncoded()));
        // 得到私钥字符串
        String privateKeyString = new String(Base64.encodeBase64((privateKey.getEncoded())));

        System.out.println("publickey:" + publicKeyString);
        System.out.println("privateKey:" + privateKeyString);
    }

2.前端使用jsencrypt.js对数据进行公钥加密传输

// 1.安装jsencrypt
npm install jsencrypt --dep
// 2.使用
var encrypt = new JSEncrypt();
// 设置公钥
encrypt.setPublicKey(publicKey);
// 对明文密码进行加密
var data = encrypt.encrypt(password);

3.后端加解密

后端调用decrypt方法用私钥对秘文进行解密即可

 public static String encrypt(String str, String publicKey) throws Exception {
        //base64编码的公钥
        byte[] decoded = Base64.decodeBase64(publicKey);
        RSAPublicKey pubKey = (RSAPublicKey) KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA").generatePublic(new X509EncodedKeySpec(decoded));
        //RSA加密
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, pubKey);
        String outStr = Base64.encodeBase64String(cipher.doFinal(str.getBytes("UTF-8")));
        return outStr;
    }
    


 public static String decrypt(String str, String privateKey) {
        try {
            // base64位解码加密后的字符串
            byte[] inputByte = Base64.decodeBase64(str.getBytes("UTF-8"));
            //base64编码的私钥
            byte[] decoded = Base64.decodeBase64(privateKey);
            RSAPrivateKey priKey = (RSAPrivateKey) KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA").generatePrivate(new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(decoded));
            //RSA解密
            Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");
            cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, priKey);
            String outStr = new String(cipher.doFinal(inputByte));
            return outStr;
        }catch (Exception e){
        }
    }