1.了解什么是关联(association)
1.1关联指的是类之间的引用关系。如果类A与类B关联,那么被引用的类B将被定义为类A的属性。
例如:
t_hibernate_order 订单表
t_hibernate_order_item 订单项表
一个订单对应多个订单项
class Order{
private List<OrderItem> orderItems;
}
class OrderItem{
private Order order;
}
class B{
private String name;
}
public class A{
private B b = new B;
public A(){}
}
1.2 关联的分类:关联可以分为一对一、一对多/多对一、多对多关联
这里我们以订单和订单项的关系来示范一对多的增删改查:
①首先准备好实体类,Order和OrderItem
Order:
package com.swx.three.entity;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class Order {
private Integer orderId;
private String orderNo;
private List<OrderItem> orderItems = new ArrayList<OrderItem>();
public Integer getOrderId() {
return orderId;
}
public void setOrderId(Integer orderId) {
this.orderId = orderId;
}
public String getOrderNo() {
return orderNo;
}
public void setOrderNo(String orderNo) {
this.orderNo = orderNo;
}
public List<OrderItem> getOrderItems() {
return orderItems;
}
public void setOrderItems(List<OrderItem> orderItems) {
this.orderItems = orderItems;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Order [orderId=" + orderId + ", orderNo=" + orderNo + ", orderItems=" + orderItems + "]";
}
}
OrderItem:
package com.swx.three.entity;
public class OrderItem {
private Integer orderItemId;
private Integer productId;
private Integer quantity;
private Integer oid;
private Order order;
public Integer getOrderItemId() {
return orderItemId;
}
public void setOrderItemId(Integer orderItemId) {
this.orderItemId = orderItemId;
}
public Integer getProductId() {
return productId;
}
public void setProductId(Integer productId) {
this.productId = productId;
}
public Integer getQuantity() {
return quantity;
}
public void setQuantity(Integer quantity) {
this.quantity = quantity;
}
public Integer getOid() {
return oid;
}
public void setOid(Integer oid) {
this.oid = oid;
}
public Order getOrder() {
return order;
}
public void setOrder(Order order) {
this.order = order;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "OrderItem [orderItemId=" + orderItemId + ", productId=" + productId + ", quantity=" + quantity + ", oid="
+ oid + "]";
}
}
②配置映射文件,在Order.hbm.xml和OrderItem.hbm.xml配置好关联关系的列,
Order.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.swx.three.entity.Order" table="t_hibernate_order">
<id name="orderId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="order_id">
<generator class="increment" />
</id>
<property name="orderNo" type="java.lang.String" column="order_no">
</property>
<!--
bag :
name:当前要映射的类的关联属性
cascade:维护关联关系
inverse:决定由谁来维护关联关系
key:
column:表的外键对应的列段
one-to-many:
class:关联属性对应的全路径名
-->
<bag name="orderItems" cascade="save-update" inverse="true">
<key column="oid"></key>
<one-to-many class="com.swx.three.entity.OrderItem"/>
</bag>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
OrderItem.hbm.xml
package com.swx.three.entity;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class Order {
private Integer orderId;
private String orderNo;
private List<OrderItem> orderItems = new ArrayList<OrderItem>();
public Integer getOrderId() {
return orderId;
}
public void setOrderId(Integer orderId) {
this.orderId = orderId;
}
public String getOrderNo() {
return orderNo;
}
public void setOrderNo(String orderNo) {
this.orderNo = orderNo;
}
public List<OrderItem> getOrderItems() {
return orderItems;
}
public void setOrderItems(List<OrderItem> orderItems) {
this.orderItems = orderItems;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Order [orderId=" + orderId + ", orderNo=" + orderNo + ", orderItems=" + orderItems + "]";
}
}
记得配置核心配置文件:
<!-- 关联关系 一对多 -->
<mapping resource="com/swx/three/entity/Order.hbm.xml" />
<mapping resource="com/swx/three/entity/OrderItem.hbm.xml" />
③dao层:
package com.swx.three.dao;
import java.util.List;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import com.swx.three.entity.Order;
import com.swx.three.entity.OrderItem;
import com.swx.two.util.SessionFactoryUtils;
public class DemoDao {
/**
* 为了测试关系型映射文件配置准确
* 讲解insert=false,update=false的用途
* @param order
* @return
*/
public Integer addOrder(Order order) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Integer oid = (Integer)session.save(order);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return oid;
}
public Integer addOrderItem(OrderItem orderItem) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Integer otid = (Integer)session.save(orderItem);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return otid;
}
/**
* 为了讲解懒加载的问题(hibernate3.0后所有查询方式默认采用的是懒加载方式)
* 1、查单个时存在问题,代理对象已经关闭
* 2、查多个存在问题,有性能的问题
* @param order
* @return
*/
public Order getOrder(Order order) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Order o = session.get(Order.class, order.getOrderId());
// if(o != null && new Integer(1).equals(order.getInitChildren())) {
// Hibernate.initialize(o.getOrderItems());
System.out.println(o.getOrderItems());
// }
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return o;
}
public List<Order> getOrderList() {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
List<Order> list = session.createQuery("from Order").list();
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return list;
}
/**
* z主表的数据不能随便删除,得先删除从表中对应信息,才能删除主表的信息。
* @param order
*/
public void delOrder(Order order) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Order order2 = session.get(Order.class, order.getOrderId());
for (OrderItem oi : order2.getOrderItems()) {
session.delete(oi);
}
session.delete(order2);
// session.delete(order);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
}
}
④测试:
package com.swx.three.dao;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.swx.three.entity.Order;
import com.swx.three.entity.OrderItem;
public class DemoDaoTest {
private DemoDao demodao = new DemoDao();
@Test
public void testAddOrder() {
Order order = new Order();
order.setOrderNo("swx123购物");//创建订单
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
OrderItem oi = new OrderItem();
oi.setProductId(100+i);
oi.setQuantity(200+i);
//demodao.addOrderItem(oi);
order.getOrderItems().add(oi);
oi.setOrder(order);
//绑定订单和订单项
}
demodao.addOrder(order);
}
@Test
public void testAddOrderItem() {
}
@Test
public void testGetOrder() {
}
@Test
public void testGetOrderList() {
}
@Test
public void testDelOrder() {
}
}
这里会有一个报错:
Repeated column in mapping for entity: com.swx.three.entity.OrderItem column: oid (should be mapped with insert="false" update="false")
oid列段有两个进行维护,重复了!
如何解决:将 insert=“false” update="false"加载到对应的配置文件中
<!-- insert="false" update="false" 解决列段属性重复维护问题
当前name=“oid” 放弃对数据库的oid列段进行维护
-->
<property name="oid" type="java.lang.Integer" column="oid" insert="false" update="false">
</property>
再次运行 :
添加成功。
测试增加订单项:
public void testAddOrderItem() {
OrderItem oi = new OrderItem();
oi.setProductId(250);
oi.setQuantity(350);
Order order = new Order();
order.setOrderId(11);
oi.setOrder(order);
demodao.addOrderItem(oi);
}
结果:
懒加载问题:
测试方法
/**
* 懒加载
*/
@Test
public void testGetOrder() {
Order order = new Order();
order.setOrderId(11);
Order o = demodao.getOrder(order);
System.out.println(o.getOrderNo());
//failed to lazily initialize a collection of role: 懒加载失败
//com.swx.three.entity.Order.orderItems,
//could not initialize proxy - no Session
System.out.println(o.getOrderItems());
}
结果:
org.hibernate.LazyInitializationException:
failed to lazily initialize a collection of role:
com.swx.three.entity.Order.orderItems, could not initialize proxy - no Session
这里报错了,问题就是懒加载一个集合失败(o.getOrderItems())
解决方案:
1.在配置文件Order.hbm.xml中加载lazy(不推荐)
<bag lazy="false" name="orderItems" cascade="save-update" inverse="true">
<key column="oid"></key>
<one-to-many class="com.swx.three.entity.OrderItem"/>
</bag>
结果:
加载成功,但是并不推荐这种方案,因为有其弊端:
测试方法:
@Test
public void testGetOrderList() {
List<Order> orderlist = demodao.getOrderList();
for (Order order : orderlist) {
System.out.println(order.getOrderNo());
System.out.println(order.getOrderItems().size());
}
}
结果:
Hibernate:
select
order0_.order_id as order_id1_0_,
order0_.order_no as order_no2_0_
from
t_hibernate_order order0_
Hibernate:
select
orderitems0_.oid as oid4_1_0_,
orderitems0_.order_item_id as order_it1_1_0_,
orderitems0_.order_item_id as order_it1_1_1_,
orderitems0_.product_id as product_2_1_1_,
orderitems0_.quantity as quantity3_1_1_,
orderitems0_.oid as oid4_1_1_
from
t_hibernate_order_item orderitems0_
where
orderitems0_.oid=?
Hibernate:
select
orderitems0_.oid as oid4_1_0_,
orderitems0_.order_item_id as order_it1_1_0_,
orderitems0_.order_item_id as order_it1_1_1_,
orderitems0_.product_id as product_2_1_1_,
orderitems0_.quantity as quantity3_1_1_,
orderitems0_.oid as oid4_1_1_
from
t_hibernate_order_item orderitems0_
where
orderitems0_.oid=?
Hibernate:
select
orderitems0_.oid as oid4_1_0_,
orderitems0_.order_item_id as order_it1_1_0_,
orderitems0_.order_item_id as order_it1_1_1_,
orderitems0_.product_id as product_2_1_1_,
orderitems0_.quantity as quantity3_1_1_,
orderitems0_.oid as oid4_1_1_
from
t_hibernate_order_item orderitems0_
where
orderitems0_.oid=?
Hibernate:
select
orderitems0_.oid as oid4_1_0_,
orderitems0_.order_item_id as order_it1_1_0_,
orderitems0_.order_item_id as order_it1_1_1_,
orderitems0_.product_id as product_2_1_1_,
orderitems0_.quantity as quantity3_1_1_,
orderitems0_.oid as oid4_1_1_
from
t_hibernate_order_item orderitems0_
where
orderitems0_.oid=?
Hibernate:
select
orderitems0_.oid as oid4_1_0_,
orderitems0_.order_item_id as order_it1_1_0_,
orderitems0_.order_item_id as order_it1_1_1_,
orderitems0_.product_id as product_2_1_1_,
orderitems0_.quantity as quantity3_1_1_,
orderitems0_.oid as oid4_1_1_
from
t_hibernate_order_item orderitems0_
where
orderitems0_.oid=?
Hibernate:
select
orderitems0_.oid as oid4_1_0_,
orderitems0_.order_item_id as order_it1_1_0_,
orderitems0_.order_item_id as order_it1_1_1_,
orderitems0_.product_id as product_2_1_1_,
orderitems0_.quantity as quantity3_1_1_,
orderitems0_.oid as oid4_1_1_
from
t_hibernate_order_item orderitems0_
where
orderitems0_.oid=?
P1
0
P7
8
P101
6
P20
6
T226
3
swx123购物
6
执行了大量sql语句,会导致性能过差。
2.在Order中添加一个属性来控制是否懒加载(记得将之前的lazy属性清除):
private Integer initChildren = 0;//0代表默认懒加载 1 代表强制加载
public Integer getInitChildren() {
return initChildren;
}
public void setInitChildren(Integer initChildren) {
this.initChildren = initChildren;
}
dao层DemoDao:
/**
* 为了讲解懒加载的问题(hibernate3.0后所有查询方式默认采用的是懒加载方式)
* 1、查单个时存在问题,代理对象已经关闭
* 2、查多个存在问题,有性能的问题
* @param order
* @return
*/
public Order getOrder(Order order) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Order o = session.get(Order.class, order.getOrderId());
//当 order.getInitChildren() 为 1 时 强制加载o.getOrderItems()
//这样既兼顾了性能,也能成功加载o.getOrderItems()
if(o != null && new Integer(1).equals(order.getInitChildren())) {
Hibernate.initialize(o.getOrderItems());
// System.out.println(o.getOrderItems());
}
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return o;
}
现在我们仅需要在之前的测试方法中加一行代码就能解决问题了:
public void testGetOrder() {
Order order = new Order();
order.setOrderId(11);
order.setInitChildren(1);//设置强制加载
Order o = demodao.getOrder(order);
System.out.println(o.getOrderNo());
//failed to lazily initialize a collection of role: 懒加载失败
//com.swx.three.entity.Order.orderItems,
//could not initialize proxy - no Session
System.out.println(o.getOrderItems());
}
结果:
成功拿到。
3.测试删除:
/**
* 删除
*/
@Test
public void testDelOrder() {
Order order = new Order();
order.setOrderId(11);
this.demodao.delOrder(order);
}
结果: