一、Proxy.newProxyInstance方法
@CallerSensitive
public static Object newProxyInstance(ClassLoader loader,
Class<?>[] interfaces,
InvocationHandler h)
throws IllegalArgumentException
{
// null检查，h为null就抛出NullPointerException
Objects.requireNonNull(h);
// 将接口类对象数组clone一份。
final Class<?>[] intfs = interfaces.clone();
//执行权限检查
final SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
if (sm != null) {
checkProxyAccess(Reflection.getCallerClass(), loader, intfs);
}
/*
* Look up or generate the designated proxy class.
*/
// 查找或者是生成一个特定的代理类对象
Class<?> cl = getProxyClass0(loader, intfs);
/*
* Invoke its constructor with the designated invocation handler.
*/
try {
if (sm != null) {
checkNewProxyPermission(Reflection.getCallerClass(), cl);
}
// 是static final 修饰的，源码： private static final Class<?>[] constructorParams ={ InvocationHandler.class };
// 从代理类对象中查找参数为InvocationHandler的构造器
final Constructor<?> cons = cl.getConstructor(constructorParams);
final InvocationHandler ih = h;
// 检测构造器是否是Public修饰，如果不是则强行转换为可以访问的。
if (!Modifier.isPublic(cl.getModifiers())) {
AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Void>() {
public Void run() {
cons.setAccessible(true);
return null;
}
});
}
// 通过反射，将h作为参数，实例化代理类，返回代理类实例。
return cons.newInstance(new Object[]{h});//此处为返回的结果
} catch (IllegalAccessException|InstantiationException e) {
throw new InternalError(e.toString(), e);
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
Throwable t = e.getCause();
if (t instanceof RuntimeException) {
throw (RuntimeException) t;
} else {
throw new InternalError(t.toString(), t);
}
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
throw new InternalError(e.toString(), e);
}
}
newProxyInstance是Proxy的静态方法，除去权限相关的代码外，就剩下两步：
1，获取代理类对象（21行）
2，利用反射技术实例化代理类，并返回实例化对象（44行）
接下来分析21行中的getProxyClass0方法
二、Proxy.getProxyClass0方法
//代理类对象缓存
private static final WeakCache<ClassLoader, Class<?>[], Class<?>> proxyClassCache =
new WeakCache<>(new KeyFactory(), new ProxyClassFactory());
/**
* 生成一个代理类对象
* Generate a proxy class. Must call the checkProxyAccess method
* to perform permission checks before calling this.
*/
private static Class<?> getProxyClass0(ClassLoader loader,
Class<?>... interfaces) {
// 接口类对象数组不能大于65535个，否则抛出异常。
if (interfaces.length > 65535) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("interface limit exceeded");
}
// 从代理类对象缓存中，根据类加载器和接口类对象数组查找代理类对象。
// If the proxy class defined by the given loader implementing
// the given interfaces exists, this will simply return the cached copy;
// otherwise, it will create the proxy class via the ProxyClassFactory
return proxyClassCache.get(loader, interfaces);
}
在这个方法中，是直接从一个proxyClassCache缓存中读取的，proxyClassCache涉及到三个类：WeakCache、KeyFactory和ProxyClassFactory，其中后面两个类都是Proxy类的静态内部类，keyFactory是用来生产key的，ProxyClassFactory是用来生产代理类对象的。
首先看一下WeakCache类的大概结构和get方法：
final class WeakCache<K, P, V> {
private final ReferenceQueue<K> refQueue
= new ReferenceQueue<>();
// the key type is Object for supporting null key
// key的类型为Object，支持null key,这里的null key并不是真的可以使用null最为key,而是一个new Objdec()对象实例。
//ConcurrentHashMap,不允许键或值null，而HashMap可以。ConcurrentHashMap是线程安全的，HashMap不是。
private final ConcurrentMap<Object, ConcurrentMap<Object, Supplier<V>>> map
= new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
private final ConcurrentMap<Supplier<V>, Boolean> reverseMap
= new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
private final BiFunction<K, P, ?> subKeyFactory;
private final BiFunction<K, P, V> valueFactory;
/**
* Construct an instance of {@code WeakCache}
*
* @param subKeyFactory a function mapping a pair of
* {@code (key, parameter) -> sub-key}
* @param valueFactory a function mapping a pair of
* {@code (key, parameter) -> value}
* @throws NullPointerException if {@code subKeyFactory} or
* {@code valueFactory} is null.
*/
//构造方法
public WeakCache(BiFunction<K, P, ?> subKeyFactory,
BiFunction<K, P, V> valueFactory) {
this.subKeyFactory = Objects.requireNonNull(subKeyFactory);
this.valueFactory = Objects.requireNonNull(valueFactory);
}
/**
* Look-up the value through the cache. This always evaluates the
* {@code subKeyFactory} function and optionally evaluates
* {@code valueFactory} function if there is no entry in the cache for given
* pair of (key, subKey) or the entry has already been cleared.
*
* @param key possibly null key
* @param parameter parameter used together with key to create sub-key and
* value (should not be null)
* @return the cached value (never null)
* @throws NullPointerException if {@code parameter} passed in or
* {@code sub-key} calculated by
* {@code subKeyFactory} or {@code value}
* calculated by {@code valueFactory} is null.
*/
// key是类加载器，parameter为接口类对象数组
public V get(K key, P parameter) {
// 接口类对象数组null检查。
Objects.requireNonNull(parameter);
// 删除过时的条目
expungeStaleEntries();
// 生成缓存key对象实例，如果key = null，cacheKey = new Object();
Object cacheKey = CacheKey.valueOf(key, refQueue);
// lazily install the 2nd level valuesMap for the particular cacheKey
// 从缓存map中读取指定cacheKey的缓存数据valuesMap
ConcurrentMap<Object, Supplier<V>> valuesMap = map.get(cacheKey);
if (valuesMap == null) {
//如果valuesMap为null,则新增
//putIfAbsent方法解释：如果值存在则返回值，并且不对原来的值做任何更改，如果不存在则新增，并返回null。(Absent的意思是缺席，不在)
ConcurrentMap<Object, Supplier<V>> oldValuesMap
= map.putIfAbsent(cacheKey,
valuesMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>());
if (oldValuesMap != null) {
valuesMap = oldValuesMap;
}
}
// create subKey and retrieve the possible Supplier<V> stored by that
// subKey from valuesMap
// 获取subKey，这里用到了上面提到的Proxy的静态内部类KeyFactory:subKeyFactory.apply(ket,parameter)
Object subKey = Objects.requireNonNull(subKeyFactory.apply(key, parameter));
// 从valuesMap中获取supplier
Supplier<V> supplier = valuesMap.get(subKey);
Factory factory = null;
while (true) {
if (supplier != null) {
// supplier might be a Factory or a CacheValue<V> instance
// 4,从工厂中获取代理类对象
V value = supplier.get();
if (value != null) {
// 5，返回
return value;
}
}
// else no supplier in cache
// or a supplier that returned null (could be a cleared CacheValue
// or a Factory that wasn't successful in installing the CacheValue)
// lazily construct a Factory
if (factory == null) {
//1、实例化工厂
factory = new Factory(key, parameter, subKey, valuesMap);
}
if (supplier == null) {
//2、保存到valuesMap中
supplier = valuesMap.putIfAbsent(subKey, factory);
if (supplier == null) {
// successfully installed Factory
// 3、赋值
supplier = factory;
}
// else retry with winning supplier
} else {
if (valuesMap.replace(subKey, supplier, factory)) {
// successfully replaced
// cleared CacheEntry / unsuccessful Factory
// with our Factory
supplier = factory;
} else {
// retry with current supplier
supplier = valuesMap.get(subKey);
}
}
}
}
/**
* Checks whether the specified non-null value is already present in this
* {@code WeakCache}. The check is made using identity comparison regardless
* of whether value's class overrides {@link Object#equals} or not.
*
* @param value the non-null value to check
* @return true if given {@code value} is already cached
* @throws NullPointerException if value is null
*/
public boolean containsValue(V value) {
Objects.requireNonNull(value);
expungeStaleEntries();
return reverseMap.containsKey(new LookupValue<>(value));
}
/**
* Returns the current number of cached entries that
* can decrease over time when keys/values are GC-ed.
*/
public int size() {
expungeStaleEntries();
return reverseMap.size();
}
private void expungeStaleEntries() {
CacheKey<K> cacheKey;
while ((cacheKey = (CacheKey<K>)refQueue.poll()) != null) {
cacheKey.expungeFrom(map, reverseMap);
}
}
}
因为程序中Proxy.newProxyInstance是第一次执行，所以while循环开始的时候，supplier，valuesMap都是null。在这个前提下，我为代码的执行顺序做了一个编号，从1-5执行。
可以看到第5步，也就是源代码的第40行将结果返回，那么，代理类对象就是在第4步，也就是第82行生成的。而且也可以从第3步，也就是第104行发现supplier就是factory。
那么接下来，就分析一下Factory.get方法。
三、Factory.get方法
Factory类是WeakCache的内部类。这个类中出去构造方法外，就是get方法了，下面就将这个类的代码给出：
/**
* A factory {@link Supplier} that implements the lazy synchronized
* construction of the value and installment of it into the cache.
*/
private final class Factory implements Supplier<V> {
private final K key;
private final P parameter;
private final Object subKey;
private final ConcurrentMap<Object, Supplier<V>> valuesMap;
Factory(K key, P parameter, Object subKey,
ConcurrentMap<Object, Supplier<V>> valuesMap) {
this.key = key;
this.parameter = parameter;
this.subKey = subKey;
this.valuesMap = valuesMap;
}
@Override
public synchronized V get() { // serialize access
// re-check
// 检查
Supplier<V> supplier = valuesMap.get(subKey);
if (supplier != this) {
// something changed while we were waiting:
// might be that we were replaced by a CacheValue
// or were removed because of failure ->
// return null to signal WeakCache.get() to retry
// the loop
return null;
}
// else still us (supplier == this)
// create new value
V value = null;
try {
// valueFactory就是WeakCache的valueFactory属性，因为Factory是WeakCache的内部类，所以可以直接访问WeakCache的valueFactory属性
value = Objects.requireNonNull(valueFactory.apply(key, parameter));
} finally {
if (value == null) { // remove us on failure
valuesMap.remove(subKey, this);
}
}
// the only path to reach here is with non-null value
assert value != null;
// wrap value with CacheValue (WeakReference)
CacheValue<V> cacheValue = new CacheValue<>(value);
// put into reverseMap
reverseMap.put(cacheValue, Boolean.TRUE);
// try replacing us with CacheValue (this should always succeed)
if (!valuesMap.replace(subKey, this, cacheValue)) {
throw new AssertionError("Should not reach here");
}
// successfully replaced us with new CacheValue -> return the value
// wrapped by it
return value;
}
}
关键代码第39行：valueFactory.apply(key, parameter)，这里的valueFactory就是Proxy的静态内部类ProxyClassFactory，上面也提到过，那么就接着分析ProxyClassFactory的apply方法吧。
四、ProxyClassFactory.apply方法
/**
* 一个利用给定的类加载器和接口类数组生成，定义并返回代理类对象的工厂方法
* A factory function that generates, defines and returns the proxy class given
* the ClassLoader and array of interfaces.
*/
private static final class ProxyClassFactory
implements BiFunction<ClassLoader, Class<?>[], Class<?>>
{
// prefix for all proxy class names
// 所有代理类对象的前缀
private static final String proxyClassNamePrefix = "$Proxy";
// next number to use for generation of unique proxy class names
// 用于生成唯一代理类名称的下一个数字
private static final AtomicLong nextUniqueNumber = new AtomicLong();
@Override
public Class<?> apply(ClassLoader loader, Class<?>[] interfaces) {
Map<Class<?>, Boolean> interfaceSet = new IdentityHashMap<>(interfaces.length);
for (Class<?> intf : interfaces) {
/*
* Verify that the class loader resolves the name of this
* interface to the same Class object.
*/
Class<?> interfaceClass = null;
try {
// 加载接口类，获得接口类的类对象，第二个参数为false表示不进行实例化
interfaceClass = Class.forName(intf.getName(), false, loader);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
}
if (interfaceClass != intf) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
intf + " is not visible from class loader");
}
/*
* Verify that the Class object actually represents an
* interface.
*/
if (!interfaceClass.isInterface()) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
interfaceClass.getName() + " is not an interface");
}
/*
* Verify that this interface is not a duplicate.
*/
if (interfaceSet.put(interfaceClass, Boolean.TRUE) != null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"repeated interface: " + interfaceClass.getName());
}
}
// 代理类的包名
String proxyPkg = null; // package to define proxy class in
int accessFlags = Modifier.PUBLIC | Modifier.FINAL;
/*
* Record the package of a non-public proxy interface so that the
* proxy class will be defined in the same package. Verify that
* all non-public proxy interfaces are in the same package.
*/
for (Class<?> intf : interfaces) {
int flags = intf.getModifiers();
if (!Modifier.isPublic(flags)) {
accessFlags = Modifier.FINAL;
String name = intf.getName();
int n = name.lastIndexOf('.');
String pkg = ((n == -1) ? "" : name.substring(0, n + 1));
if (proxyPkg == null) {
proxyPkg = pkg;
} else if (!pkg.equals(proxyPkg)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"non-public interfaces from different packages");
}
}
}
if (proxyPkg == null) {
// if no non-public proxy interfaces, use com.sun.proxy package
proxyPkg = ReflectUtil.PROXY_PACKAGE + ".";
}
/*
* 生成代理类的类名
* Choose a name for the proxy class to generate.
*/
long num = nextUniqueNumber.getAndIncrement();
String proxyName = proxyPkg + proxyClassNamePrefix + num;
/*
* 生成代理类class文件
* Generate the specified proxy class.
*/
byte[] proxyClassFile = ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass(
proxyName, interfaces, accessFlags);
try {
// 返回代理类对象
return defineClass0(loader, proxyName,
proxyClassFile, 0, proxyClassFile.length);
} catch (ClassFormatError e) {
/*
* A ClassFormatError here means that (barring bugs in the
* proxy class generation code) there was some other
* invalid aspect of the arguments supplied to the proxy
* class creation (such as virtual machine limitations
* exceeded).
*/
throw new IllegalArgumentException(e.toString());
}
}
}
在代码的第93行，生成了代理类的class文件，并且在97行返回了我们需要的代理类对象。
五、JDK动态代理class文件生成示例
如果想查看代理类的class文件，在调用Proxy.newProxyInstance方法之前增加一行代码:
System.getProperties().put(“sun.misc.ProxyGenerator.saveGeneratedFiles”,“true”);
就会在项目的根目录下生成com.sun.proxy包，包里就是生成的.class文件。也可以指定目录生成，见示例。
被代理类的接口
public interface Star {
/**
* 唱歌
* @param song
* @return
*/
Object sing(Object song);
/**
* 演戏
* @return
*/
String acting();
}
被代理类
public class SingingStar implements Star {
String name;//艺名
@Override
public Object sing(Object song) {
System.out.println("明星本人表示愿意唱:《"+song+"》");
return "愿意唱:《"+song+"》";
}
@Override
public String acting() {
System.out.println("明星本人表示不愿意演戏");
return "不愿意演戏";
}
}
代理类
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
public class DynamicsStarProxy implements InvocationHandler {
Object obj;
DynamicsStarProxy(Object obj){
this.obj=obj;
}
@Override
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
System.out.println("动态明星代理和甲方协商出演的酬劳");
Object res = method.invoke(obj, args);
System.out.println("动态明星代理得到明星的决定，并告知甲方");
return res;
}
}
测试类
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
public class DynamicsProxyTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.getProperties().put("sun.misc.ProxyGenerator.saveGeneratedFiles", "true");
Star taylorSwift=new SingingStar();
DynamicsStarProxy starProxy=new DynamicsStarProxy(taylorSwift);
Star proxy= (Star) Proxy.newProxyInstance(Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader(),taylorSwift.getClass().getInterfaces(),starProxy);
//甲方找霉霉演唱Mean
Object singRes=proxy.sing("Mean");
System.out.println("甲方得到的结果："+singRes);
}
}
反编译生成的class文件
package com.sun.proxy;
import com.wc.rpc.example.client.test.Star;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
import java.lang.reflect.UndeclaredThrowableException;
public final class $Proxy0 extends Proxy implements Star{
private static Method m1;
private static Method m3;
private static Method m2;
private static Method m4;
private static Method m0;
//重点：在调用newProxyInstance时传入的starProxy对象，将会保存生成的对象中
public $Proxy0(InvocationHandler paramInvocationHandler)
{
super(paramInvocationHandler);
}
//基类方法
public final boolean equals(Object paramObject)
{
try
{
//调用starProxy对象中的invoke方法
return ((Boolean)this.h.invoke(this, m1, new Object[] { paramObject })).booleanValue();
}
catch (Error|RuntimeException localError)
{
throw localError;
}
catch (Throwable localThrowable)
{
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);
}
}
//基类方法
public final String toString()
{
try
{
//调用starProxy对象中的invoke方法
return (String)this.h.invoke(this, m2, null);
}
catch (Error|RuntimeException localError)
{
throw localError;
}
catch (Throwable localThrowable)
{
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);
}
}
//接口方法
public final String acting()
{
try
{
//调用starProxy对象中的invoke方法
return (String)this.h.invoke(this, m3, null);
}
catch (Error|RuntimeException localError)
{
throw localError;
}
catch (Throwable localThrowable)
{
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);
}
}
//接口方法
public final String sing(String paramString)
{
try
{
//调用starProxy对象中的invoke方法
return (String)this.h.invoke(this, m3, new Object[] { paramString });
}
catch (Error|RuntimeException localError)
{
throw localError;
}
catch (Throwable localThrowable)
{
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);
}
}
//基类方法
public final int hashCode()
{
try
{
//调用starProxy对象中的invoke方法
return ((Integer)this.h.invoke(this, m0, null)).intValue();
}
catch (Error|RuntimeException localError)
{
throw localError;
}
catch (Throwable localThrowable)
{
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);
}
}
static
{
try
{
//基类方法
m0 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("hashCode", new Class[0]);
m1 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("equals", new Class[] { Class.forName("java.lang.Object") });
m2 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("toString", new Class[0]);
//接口方法
m3 = Class.forName("com.wc.rpc.example.client.test.Star").getMethod("sing", new Class[] { Class.forName("java.lang.String") });
m4 = Class.forName("com.wc.rpc.example.client.test.Star").getMethod("sing", new Class[] { Class.forName("java.lang.Object") });
return;
}
catch (NoSuchMethodException localNoSuchMethodException)
{
throw new NoSuchMethodError(localNoSuchMethodException.getMessage());
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException localClassNotFoundException)
{
throw new NoClassDefFoundError(localClassNotFoundException.getMessage());
}
}
}
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