使用Axis编写WebService比较简单,就我的理解,WebService的实现代码和编写Java代码其实没有什么区别,主要是将哪些Java类发布为WebService。下面是一个从编写测试例子到发布WebService,以及编写测试代码的过程介绍。 本例子的WebService提供了两个方法,分别是sayHello和sayHelloToPerson,第一个只是返回一个"Hello"字符串,没有参数,第二个函数接受一个字符串作为参数,返回"Hello 参数值",该例子比较简单,但是清楚的说明了从编写代码到发布为WebService以及测试编写好的WebService全过程。 编写服务代码 服务代码提供了两个函数,分别为sayHello和sayHelloToPerson,源代码如下: /* * File name: HelloService.java * * Version: v1.0 * * Created on Aug 2, 2008 9:40:20 AM * * Designed by Stephen * * (c)Copyright 2008 */ package com.sinosoft.webservice;
/** * @author Stephen * * Test web service */ public class HelloService { /** * 不带参数的函数 * * @return 返回Hello字符串 */ public String sayHello() { return "Hello"; }
/** * 带参数的函数 * * @param name * 名称 * @return 返回加上名称的欢迎词 */ public String sayHelloToPerson(String name) { if (name == null || name.equals("")) { name = "nobody"; } return "Hello " + name; } }
发布WebService 要将上边写的HelloService类发布为WebService,需要先搭建Web应用。下面是在Tomcat下使用Axis创建WebService服务的例子。 在Tomcat下创建Web应用 在该例子中,在Tomcat下创建了一个context path为ws的WEB应用。 1. 在Tomcat的webapps下创建如下文件系统 ws WEB-INF lib classes 2. 在WEB-INF文件夹下创建web.xml文件,该文件的内容如下: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN" "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd">
<web-app> <display-name>Apache-Axis</display-name>
<listener> <listener-class>org.apache.axis.transport.http.AxisHTTPSessionListener</listener-class> </listener>
<servlet> <servlet-name>AxisServlet</servlet-name> <display-name>Apache-Axis Servlet</display-name> <servlet-class> org.apache.axis.transport.http.AxisServlet </servlet-class> </servlet>
<servlet> <servlet-name>AdminServlet</servlet-name> <display-name>Axis Admin Servlet</display-name> <servlet-class> org.apache.axis.transport.http.AdminServlet </servlet-class> <load-on-startup>100</load-on-startup> </servlet>
<servlet> <servlet-name>SOAPMonitorService</servlet-name> <display-name>SOAPMonitorService</display-name> <servlet-class> org.apache.axis.monitor.SOAPMonitorService </servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>SOAPMonitorPort</param-name> <param-value>5001</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>100</load-on-startup> </servlet>
<servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>AxisServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/servlet/AxisServlet</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>AxisServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.jws</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>AxisServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/services/*</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>SOAPMonitorService</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/SOAPMonitor</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
<!-- uncomment this if you want the admin servlet --> <!-- <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>AdminServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/servlet/AdminServlet</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> -->
<session-config> <!-- Default to 5 minute session timeouts --> <session-timeout>5</session-timeout> </session-config>
<!-- currently the W3C havent settled on a media type for WSDL; http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-wsdl12-20030303/#ietf-draft for now we go with the basic 'it's XML' response --> <mime-mapping> <extension>wsdl</extension> <mime-type>text/xml</mime-type> </mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping> <extension>xsd</extension> <mime-type>text/xml</mime-type> </mime-mapping>
<welcome-file-list id="WelcomeFileList"> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.jws</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
在上面的web.xml中主要是配置了axis的相关配置。 axis的相关配置 在上述的web.xml文件中已经对axis进行了配置,但是还需要进行额外的配置。 复制axis相关的jar文件 将axis的相关jar文件复制到WEB-INF"lib文件夹下。这些文件包括: activation.jar axis.jar axis-ant.jar axis-schema.jar commons-discovery-0.2.jar commons-logging-1.0.4.jar jaxrpc.jar log4j-1.2.8.jar mailapi.jar saaj.jar wsdl4j-1.5.1.jar xmlsec-1.3.0.jar 复制WebService服务主文件 将HelloService.java编译后的class文件复制到WEB-INF"classes文件夹下,也就是说在WEB-INF "classes文件夹下的文件夹结构为:com"sinosoft"webservice,在webservice文件夹下有一个 helloservice.class文件。 测试发布的Web应用 启动Tomcat服务,打开IE浏览器,访问地址http:host:port/ws/services,如果看到如下界面就说明AXIS部署成功了。 发布WebService 发布WebService需要使用现有的AdminService来实现,这里我写了一个批处理文件来发布WebService,以后如果需要发布其他文件,只需要修改相应的参数就可以了。 创建deploy.wsdd文件 文件deploy.wsdd内容如下所示: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <deployment xmlns="http://xml.apache.org/axis/wsdd/" xmlns:java="http://xml.apache.org/axis/wsdd/providers/java"> <service name="HelloServices" provider="java:RPC"> <parameter name="className" value="com.sinosoft.webservice.HelloService"/> <parameter name="allowedMethods" value="*"/> </service> </deployment> 创建发布WebService服务的批处理文件 批处理文件deploywebservice.bat内容如下: java -cp E:"Stephen"Lib"axislib"activation.jar;E:"Stephen"Lib"axislib"axis-ant.jar;E:"Stephen"Lib"axislib"axis-schema.jar;E:"Stephen"Lib"axislib"axis.jar;E:"Stephen"Lib"axislib"commons-discovery-0.2.jar;E:"Stephen"Lib"axislib"commons-logging-1.0.4.jar;E:"Stephen"Lib"axislib"jaxrpc.jar;E:"Stephen"Lib"axislib"log4j-1.2.8.jar;E:"Stephen"Lib"axislib"mailapi.jar;E:"Stephen"Lib"axislib"saaj.jar;E:"Stephen"Lib"axislib"wsdl4j-1.5.1.jar;E:"Stephen"Lib"axislib"xmlsec-1.3.0.jar org.apache.axis.client.AdminClient -lhttp://localhost:8090/ws/services/AdminService deploy.wsdd 其中E:"Stephen"Lib"axislib是存放axis对应的jar文件的文件夹,现在将所有的jar文件都加入到classpath中进行执行。 -l后的参数是本地要发布WebService的AdminService对应的访问地址。 最后deploy.wsdd是对应的配置文件名称。 发布WebService服务 将deploy.wsdd文件和deploywebservice.bat文件复制到同一个文件夹下,执行deploywebservice.bat批处理文件,就可以将deploy.wsdd中描述的Java类发布为WebService。发布完成之后在访问http://host:port/ws/services如下图所示: 从上图可以看出,发布成功后,多了一个HelloServices的服务。这样就说明HelloService发布成功了。 查看HelloServices的wsdl 访问http://host:port/ws/services/HelloServices?wsdl可以看到如下wsdl的内容: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <wsdl:definitions targetNamespace="http://localhost:8090/ws2/services/HelloServices" xmlns:apachesoap="http://xml.apache.org/xml-soap" xmlns:impl="http://localhost:8090/ws2/services/HelloServices" xmlns:intf="http://localhost:8090/ws2/services/HelloServices" xmlns:soapenc="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsdlsoap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> <!--WSDL created by Apache Axis version: 1.3 Built on Oct 05, 2005 (05:23:37 EDT)-->
<wsdl:message name="sayHelloResponse">
<wsdl:part name="sayHelloReturn" type="soapenc:string"/>
</wsdl:message>
<wsdl:message name="sayHelloToPersonResponse">
<wsdl:part name="sayHelloToPersonReturn" type="soapenc:string"/>
</wsdl:message>
<wsdl:message name="sayHelloToPersonRequest">
<wsdl:part name="name" type="soapenc:string"/>
</wsdl:message>
<wsdl:message name="sayHelloRequest">
</wsdl:message>
<wsdl:portType name="HelloService">
<wsdl:operation name="sayHello">
<wsdl:input message="impl:sayHelloRequest" name="sayHelloRequest"/>
<wsdl:output message="impl:sayHelloResponse" name="sayHelloResponse"/>
</wsdl:operation>
<wsdl:operation name="sayHelloToPerson" parameterOrder="name">
<wsdl:input message="impl:sayHelloToPersonRequest" name="sayHelloToPersonRequest"/>
<wsdl:output message="impl:sayHelloToPersonResponse" name="sayHelloToPersonResponse"/>
</wsdl:operation>
</wsdl:portType>
<wsdl:binding name="HelloServicesSoapBinding" type="impl:HelloService">
<wsdlsoap:binding style="rpc" transport="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/http"/>
<wsdl:operation name="sayHello">
<wsdlsoap:operation soapAction=""/>
<wsdl:input name="sayHelloRequest">
<wsdlsoap:body encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="http://webservice.sinosoft.com" use="encoded"/>
</wsdl:input>
<wsdl:output name="sayHelloResponse">
<wsdlsoap:body encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="http://localhost:8090/ws2/services/HelloServices" use="encoded"/>
</wsdl:output>
</wsdl:operation>
<wsdl:operation name="sayHelloToPerson">
<wsdlsoap:operation soapAction=""/>
<wsdl:input name="sayHelloToPersonRequest">
<wsdlsoap:body encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="http://webservice.sinosoft.com" use="encoded"/>
</wsdl:input>
<wsdl:output name="sayHelloToPersonResponse">
<wsdlsoap:body encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="http://localhost:8090/ws2/services/HelloServices" use="encoded"/>
</wsdl:output>
</wsdl:operation>
</wsdl:binding>
<wsdl:service name="HelloServiceService">
<wsdl:port binding="impl:HelloServicesSoapBinding" name="HelloServices">
<wsdlsoap:address location="http://localhost:8090/ws2/services/HelloServices"/>
</wsdl:port>
</wsdl:service>
</wsdl:definitions>
用Java调用WebService实例 下面是用Java调用刚发布的WebService例子。 /* * File name: TestHelloService.java * * Version: v1.0 * * Created on Aug 2, 2008 9:54:10 AM * * Designed by Stephen * * (c)Copyright 2008 */ package test.com.sinosoft.webservice;
import java.io.IOException; import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import javax.xml.namespace.QName; import javax.xml.rpc.ServiceException;
import org.apache.axis.client.Call; import org.apache.axis.client.Service; import org.apache.commons.logging.Log; import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
/** * @author Stephen * * 测试调用WebService */ public class TestHelloService { private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(TestHelloService.class); private static final String HELLO_SERVICE_ENDPOINT = "http://localhost:8090/ws/services/HelloServices?wsdl";
public static void main(String[] args) { TestHelloService tester = new TestHelloService(); // tester.callSayHello(); tester.callSayHelloToPerson(); }
public void callSayHello() { try { Service service = new Service(); Call call = (Call) service.createCall(); call.setTargetEndpointAddress(new java.net.URL( HELLO_SERVICE_ENDPOINT)); call.setOperationName(new QName("http://webservice.sinosoft.com/", "sayHello")); call.setReturnType(org.apache.axis.Constants.XSD_STRING); try { String ret = (String) call.invoke(new Object[] {}); System.out.println("The return value is:" + ret); return; } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } catch (MalformedURLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (ServiceException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } log.error("call sayHello service error!"); }
public void callSayHelloToPerson() { try { Service service = new Service(); Call call = (Call) service.createCall(); call.setTargetEndpointAddress(new java.net.URL( HELLO_SERVICE_ENDPOINT)); call.setOperationName(new QName("http://webservice.sinosoft.com/", "sayHelloToPerson")); call.addParameter("name", org.apache.axis.Constants.XSD_STRING, javax.xml.rpc.ParameterMode.IN); call.setReturnType(org.apache.axis.Constants.XSD_STRING); try { String ret = (String) call.invoke(new Object[] { "Stephen" }); System.out.println("The return value is:" + ret); return; } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } catch (MalformedURLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (ServiceException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } log.error("call sayHello service error!"); } } |