数据结构—单链表实现学生信息管理系统

• 代码
• main.cpp

#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

typedef struct STU 
{
	char name[20];
	char sno[20];
	int age;
	float score;
}Student;

typedef struct LNode 
{
	Student data;
	struct LNode *next;
}LNode, *LinkList;

//初始化(带头结点的单链表)
int InitList(LinkList &L) 
{
	L = new LNode;
	L->next = NULL;
	return 1;
}

//判断链表是否为空
int ListEmpty(LinkList L) 
{
	if (L->next == NULL) 
	{
		return 1;   // 链表为空 
	}
	else 
	{
		return 0;//链表非空 
	}
}

//获取链表长度
int ListLength(LinkList L)
{
	int length = 0;
	LNode *p;
	p = L->next;
	
	while (p) 
	{
		p = p->next;
		length++;
	}
	
	return length;
}

//遍历链表
void TraveList(LinkList L) 
{
	LNode *p;
	p = L->next;
	
	printf("链表结构如下:\n");
	while (p) 
	{
		printf("%s %s %d %.2f", p->data.name, p->data.sno, p->data.age, p->data.score);
		printf("\n");
		p = p->next;
	}
}

//插入操作 
int ListInsert(LinkList &L, int location, Student &e) 
{
	//在链表L的location位置插入元素e
	LNode *p;
	int j = 0;
	p = L;
	
	while (p&&j < location - 1) 
	{
		p = p->next;
		j++;
	}
	if (!p || j > location - 1) 
	{
		return 0;
	}
	
	LNode *s;
	s = new LNode;
	s->data = e;
	s->next = p->next;
	p->next = s;
	
	return 1;
}

//删除操作
int ListDelete(LinkList &L, int location, Student &e) 
{
	//删除L中location位置的元素，并用e返回其值
	LNode *p;
	int j = 0;
	p = L;
	
	while (p->next&&j < location - 1) 
	{
		p = p->next;
		j++;
	}
	if (!(p->next) || j > location - 1) 
	{
		return 0;
	}
	
	LNode *q;
	q = p->next;
	p->next = q->next;
	e = q->data;
	
	delete q;
	
	return 1;
}

//头插法法创建单链表
void CreateList1(LinkList &L, int n) 
{
	//创建长度为n的单链表
	L = new LNode;
	L->next = NULL;
	
	printf("请输入链表元素:\n");
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) 
	{
		printf("请输入第%d个元素值:\n", i + 1);
		LNode *p;
		p = new LNode;//生成新结点
		//输入
		printf("请输入姓名:");
		scanf("%s", p->data.name);
		printf("请输入学号:");
		scanf("%s", p->data.sno);
		printf("请输入年龄:");
		scanf("%d", &p->data.age);
		printf("请输入成绩:");
		scanf("%f", &p->data.score);
		// 插入
		p->next = L->next;
		L->next = p;
	}
}

// 尾插法创建单链表
void CreateList2(LinkList &L, int n) 
{
	L = new LNode;
	L->next = NULL;
	LNode *r;
	r = L;
	
	printf("请输入链表元素值:\n");
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) 
	{
		LNode *p;
		p = new LNode;
		printf("请输入第%d个元素的值:\n", i + 1);
		printf("请输入姓名:");
		scanf("%s", p->data.name);
		printf("请输入学号:");
		scanf("%s", p->data.sno);
		printf("请输入年龄:");
		scanf("%d", &p->data.age);
		printf("请输入成绩:");
		scanf("%f", &p->data.score);
		
		p->next = NULL;
		r->next = p;
		r = p;
	}
}
int main()
{
	LinkList L;

	printf("1.初始化链表\n");
	printf("2.创建链表\n");
	printf("3.插入操作\n");
	printf("4.删除操作\n");
	printf("0.退出\n");

	int choose = -1;
	while (choose != 0)
	{
		printf("请选择操作:\n");
		scanf("%d", &choose);
		switch (choose) 
		{
			case 1: 
			{
				if (InitList(L)) 
				{
					printf("链表初始化成功!\n");
				}
				else
				{
					printf("链表初始化失败!\n");
				}
				break;
			}
			case 2:
			{
				printf("1.头插法创建单链表\n");
				printf("2.尾插法创建单链表\n");
				printf("请选择操作:\n");
				int choose1;
				scanf("%d", &choose1);
				switch (choose1) 
				{
					case 1: 
					{
						printf("请输入链表长度:\n");
						int n;
						scanf("%d", &n);
						CreateList1(L, n);
						TraveList(L);
						break;
					}
					case 2: 
					{
						printf("请输入链表长度:\n");
						int n;
						scanf("%d", &n);
						CreateList2(L, n);
						TraveList(L);
						break;
					}
				}
				break;
			}
			case 3: 
			{
				printf("请输入插入的位置:\n");
				int location;
				scanf("%d", &location);

				Student stu;
				printf("请输入姓名:");
				//char name[20];
				scanf("%s", stu.name);

				printf("请输入学号:");
				scanf("%s", stu.sno);

				printf("请输入年龄:");
				scanf("%d", &stu.age);

				printf("请输入成绩:");
				scanf("%f", &stu.score);

				if (ListInsert(L, location, stu)) 
				{
					printf("插入成功!\n");
					TraveList(L);
				}
				else 
				{
					printf("插入失败!\n");
				}
				//TraveList(L);
				break;
			}
			case 4: 
			{
				printf("请输入要删除的元素的位置:\n");
				int location;
				scanf("%d", &location);

				Student stu;

				if (ListDelete(L, location, stu)) 
				{
					printf("删除成功!\n");
					printf("删除的元素值是:\n");
					printf("%s %s %d %.2f\n", stu.name, stu.sno, stu.age, stu.score);
					TraveList(L);
				}
				else 
				{
					printf("删除失败!\n");
				}
				break;
			}
		}
	}

	system("pause");
}

• 运行结果