用shell切分文件--split

shell现成的工具--split。

语法：
        split [-bl] file [prefix]
说明：
        -b, --bytes=SIZE：对file进行切分，每个小文件大小为SIZE。可以指定单位b,k,m。
        -l, --lines=NUMBER：对file进行切分，每个文件有NUMBER行。
        prefix：分割后产生的文件名前缀。

示例：
假设要切分的文件为test.log，大小1.2M，12000行。
方法1：以行数切分

split -l 5000 test.log
生成xaa，xab，xac三个文件。
wc -l 看到三个文件行数如下：
5000 xaa
5000 xab
2000 xac

12000 总计

方法2：以大小切分

split -b 600k test.log
生成xaa，xab两个文件
ls -lh 看到 两个文件大小如下：
600K xaa
554K xab

方法3：以大小切分，并且自己指定前缀

split -b 500k test.log example
得到三个文件，文件名的前缀都是example
ls -lh 看到文件信息如下：
500K exampleaa
500K exampleab
154K exampleac

详细命令如下：

 

[root@node1 opt]# split --help
Usage: split [OPTION]... [INPUT [PREFIX]]
Output fixed-size pieces of INPUT to PREFIXaa, PREFIXab, ...; default
size is 1000 lines, and default PREFIX is 'x'.  With no INPUT, or when INPUT
is -, read standard input.

Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
  -a, --suffix-length=N   generate suffixes of length N (default 2)
      --additional-suffix=SUFFIX  append an additional SUFFIX to file names
  -b, --bytes=SIZE        put SIZE bytes per output file
  -C, --line-bytes=SIZE   put at most SIZE bytes of lines per output file
  -d, --numeric-suffixes[=FROM]  use numeric suffixes instead of alphabetic;
                                   FROM changes the start value (default 0)
  -e, --elide-empty-files  do not generate empty output files with '-n'
      --filter=COMMAND    write to shell COMMAND; file name is $FILE
  -l, --lines=NUMBER      put NUMBER lines per output file
  -n, --number=CHUNKS     generate CHUNKS output files; see explanation below
  -u, --unbuffered        immediately copy input to output with '-n r/...'
      --verbose           print a diagnostic just before each
                            output file is opened
      --help     display this help and exit
      --version  output version information and exit

SIZE is an integer and optional unit (example: 10M is 10*1024*1024).  Units
are K, M, G, T, P, E, Z, Y (powers of 1024) or KB, MB, ... (powers of 1000).

CHUNKS may be:
N       split into N files based on size of input
K/N     output Kth of N to stdout
l/N     split into N files without splitting lines
l/K/N   output Kth of N to stdout without splitting lines
r/N     like 'l' but use round robin distribution
r/K/N   likewise but only output Kth of N to stdout

GNU coreutils online help: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
For complete documentation, run: info coreutils 'split invocation'

转发自：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_39330443/article/details/82585870