springboot项目开发过程参考（Spring Data JPA + Spring Data REST）

anjushi_

已于 2022-03-08 10:30:33 修改

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于 2022-02-23 10:36:18 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_23858785/article/details/123084188

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springboot项目开发过程参考（Spring Data JPA + Spring Data REST）

依赖环境

java

jdk版本 1.8
maven
```
mvn -v
3.6.3
```

开发工具

IDEA
postman 测试后端接口
vscode

新建项目

项目结构

DemoApplication：项目启动类
application.properties：配置文件
pom.xml：运行环境，maven仓库

框架：Spring Data JPA + Spring Data REST

Spring Data JPA，使开发者使用极简的代码实现对数据库的访问和操作。它提供了包括增删改查等在内的基本功能，且易于扩展。
Spring Data REST，基于Spring Data的repository之上，可以把 repository 自动输出为REST资源，支持Spring Data JPA

1.导入maven依赖

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.4.0</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>demo</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>demo</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--Spring Data REST-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-rest</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-data-rest-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>3.3.0.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.4.0</version>
                <configuration>
                    <includeSystemScope>true</includeSystemScope>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

2.properties文件

#restful
spring.data.rest.base-path=/db
server.port=18888

#达梦
#spring.datasource.url=jdbc:dm://localhost:5236?schema=DEMOSTORE
#spring.datasource.username=SYSDBA
#spring.datasource.password=12345qwert
#spring.datasource.driver-class-name=dm.jdbc.driver.DmDriver
#spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.DmDialect
#spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update
#spring.jpa.show-sql=true

#mysql
#com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demojava?characterEncoding=utf-8&serverTimezone=UTC&useSSL=false
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=123qwe

#spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.DmDialect
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update
#spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=create
spring.jpa.show-sql=true

3.entity

package com.example.demo.entity;

import lombok.Data;
import javax.persistence.*;

@Entity  //jpa实体类标识
@Data    //LomBok插件，省略get set
//@Table(name = "SysUser") // 指定数据库的表名
public class SysUser {

    @Id  //主键
    private Integer userId;

    private String userName;

    private String userType;

    private String password;

}

4.repository

package com.example.demo.repository;

import com.example.demo.entity.SysUser;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

@Repository
// 相当于UserDao
// 将UserRepository继承JpaRepository就可以有对应的增删改查方法
public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<SysUser,Integer>{
}

不需要通过controller，即可使用postman查看接口

5.添加查询方法

使用

import com.example.demo.entity.SysUser;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Query;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import java.util.List;

@Repository
// 相当于UserDao
// 将UserRepository继承JpaRepository就可以有对应的增删改查方法
public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<SysUser,Integer>{

    public SysUser findByUserIdAndPassword(Integer userId, String password);

    @Query(value = "select * from sys_user u where u.user_id=?1 and u.password=?2", nativeQuery = true)
    public List<SysUser> findByOwnMethod(Integer userId, String password);

}

jpa自动生成sql

spring-data-jpa会根据方法的名字来自动生成sql语句，只需要按照方法定义的规则即可。
```
public SysUser findByUserIdAndPassword(Integer userId, String password);
```
上面的方法findByUserIdAndPassword，以findBy开头，sql的where部分就是UserIdAndPassword，被spring-data-jpa翻译之后就编程了下面这种形态：
```
select * from user where userId = ? and password = ?
```

自定义sql

使用@Query注解，写原生sql

@Query(value = "select * from sys_user u where u.user_id=?1 and u.password=?2", nativeQuery = true)
public List<SysUser> findByOwnMethod(Integer userId, String password);

6.service

主要有两个作用

1 单独的服务

2 包装repository供controller使用

public interface UserService {

    public SysUser findUserOrNot(Integer userId, String password);
}

@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{
    private final UserRepository userRepository;

    @Autowired
    UserServiceImpl(UserRepository userRepository) {
        this.userRepository = userRepository;
    } 

    @Override
    public SysUser findUserOrNot(Integer userId, String password) {
        return userRepository.findByUserIdAndPassword(userId, password);
    }
}

7.controller

package com.example.demo.controller;

import com.example.demo.entity.SysUser;
import com.example.demo.repository.UserRepository;
import com.example.demo.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.CrossOrigin;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

@CrossOrigin
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/define")
public class UserController {

    @Autowired
    UserRepository userRepository;

    @Autowired
    UserService userService;

    @RequestMapping("/login")
    public ResponseEntity<Map> login(Integer userId, String password) {
        Map map = new HashMap<>();
        SysUser sysUser = userRepository.findByUserIdAndPassword(userId, password);
        map.put("code", "200");
        map.put("message", "success");
        map.put("user", sysUser);
        return new ResponseEntity<Map>(map, HttpStatus.OK);
    }

    @RequestMapping("/login2")
    public ResponseEntity<Map> login2(Integer userId, String password) {
        Map map = new HashMap<>();
        SysUser sysUser = userService.findUserOrNot(userId, password);
        map.put("code", "200");
        map.put("message", "success");
        map.put("user", sysUser);
        return new ResponseEntity<Map>(map, HttpStatus.OK);
    }

}

1 直接访问repository

http://localhost:18888/define/login?userId=1&password=123

2 访问service

http://localhost:18888/define/login2?userId=1&password=123

8.学习链接

Spring Data Jpa的使用：https://www.jianshu.com/p/c23c82a8fcfc

anjushi_

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