数据持久化

 归档Archiver -> 对数据进行写操作

解档（反归档）Unarchiver - > 对数据进行读操作

总结：

1. 一般不会使用归档 / 解档的方式存储基本数据类型

2. 本质：基本数据类型 <--> NSData

Demo1_NSKeyArchiver

<span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-size:14px;">//需求：把NSArray数据使用归档/解档写入并读取
    //准备写入的文件路径:/Documents/archiver(文件名)
    NSString *documentPath = [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) firstObject];
    NSString *filePath = [documentPath stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"archiver"];
    //归档步骤
    NSArray *array = @[@"Jack", @19, @[@"Java", @"Swift", @"Ruby"]];
    //1.准备一个可变数据类型
    NSMutableData  *mutableData = [NSMutableData data];
    //2.创建NSKeyedArchiver对象
    NSKeyedArchiver *archiver = [[NSKeyedArchiver alloc] initForWritingWithMutableData:mutableData];
    //3.对数据进行编码
    [archiver encodeObject:array forKey:@"arrayKey"];
    //4.执行完成编码
    [archiver finishEncoding];
    //5.写入文件
    [mutableData writeToFile:filePath atomically:YES];
    //归档变相执行如下步骤：NSArray转成NSData写入文件
    
    //解档步骤
    //1.从指定的文件读取数据(NSData从文件中读取)
    NSData *readData = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:filePath];
    //2.创建NSKeyedUnarchiver对象
    NSKeyedUnarchiver *unarchiver = [[NSKeyedUnarchiver alloc] initForReadingWithData:readData];
    //3.对数据进行解码
    NSArray *readArray = [unarchiver decodeObjectForKey:@"arrayKey"];
    //4.执行完成解码
    [unarchiver finishDecoding];
    //5.验证数据
    for (id obj in readArray) {
        NSLog(@"%@", obj);
    }
    //解档变相执行的操作：NSData转成NSArray
</span></span>

使用归档 / 解档方式存储自定义类型（模型类）

Demo02_Custom

前提： 只要是遵循了NSCoding协议的类型

步骤：

1.需要遵守NSCoding协议

2.必须实现协议要求的两个方法（编码 / 解码）

3.针对调用（控制器）接续添加Demo01的几个步骤

<span style="font-size:14px;">NSString *documentPath = [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) firstObject];
    NSString *filePath = [documentPath stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"archiver"];
    //准备自定义的模型对象
    Student *stu = [Student new];
    stu.name = @"Maggie";
    stu.age = 20;
    //归档
    NSMutableData *mutableData = [NSMutableData data];
    NSKeyedArchiver *archiver = [[NSKeyedArchiver alloc] initForWritingWithMutableData:mutableData];
    [archiver encodeObject:stu forKey:@"stuKey"];
    [archiver finishEncoding];
    [mutableData writeToFile:filePath atomically:YES];
    
    //解档
    NSData *readData = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:filePath];;
    NSKeyedUnarchiver *unarchiver = [[NSKeyedUnarchiver alloc] initForReadingWithData:readData];
    Student *readStu = [unarchiver decodeObjectForKey:@"stuKey"];
    [unarchiver finishDecoding];
    
    //验证数据
    NSLog(@"name:%@; age:%d", readStu.name, readStu.age);</span>

Student.h

<span style="font-size:14px;">@interface Student : NSObject<NSCoding>
/**姓名*/
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *name;
/**年龄*/
@property (nonatomic, assign) int age;
@end</span>

Student.m

<span style="font-size:14px;">@implementation Student
- (void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aCoder{
    [aCoder encodeObject:self.name forKey:@"nameKey"];
    [aCoder encodeInt:self.age forKey:@"ageKey"];
}
- (nullable instancetype)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aDecoder{
    if (self = [super init]) {
        self.name = [aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:@"nameKey"];
        self.age = [aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:@"ageKey"];
    }
    return  self;
}
@end</span>

Demo03_Custom_UserDefault

步骤：

1.  需要遵循协议NSCoding

2. 实现两个方法

3. 需要执行stu -> NSData -> NSUserDefaults转换

<span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-size:14px;">//准备自定义的模型对象
    Student *stu = [Student new];
    stu.name = @"Maggie";
    stu.age  = 20;
    
    //NSUserDefaults写
    //把Student->NSData
    NSData *writeData = [NSKeyedArchiver archivedDataWithRootObject:stu];
    [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] setObject:writeData forKey:@"stuKey"];
    [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] synchronize];
    
    //NSUserDefaults读
    NSData *readData = [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] objectForKey:@"stuKey"];
    //NSData -> Student
    Student *readStu = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithData:readData];
    
    //验证数据
    NSLog(@"name:%@; age:%d", readStu.name, readStu.age);</span></span>

student 类未变