mongodb--12.文档关系

嵌入式关系

{
        "_id" : ObjectId("603c8471f2c28d0fdf74ae78"),
        "phone" : "15011226666",
        "pincode" : "01-01-1991",
        "name" : "bianchengbang",
        "address" : [
                {
                        "place" : "22 A, Indiana Apt",
                        "postcode" : 123456,
                        "city" : "Los Angeles",
                        "country" : "California"
                },
                {
                        "place" : "170 A, Acropolis Apt",
                        "postcode" : 456789,
                        "city" : "Chicago",
                        "country" : "Illinois"
                }
        ]
}

这种将所有相关数据都保存在一个文档中的方式，可以使得文档的检索和维护变的更加容易，当我们要查询用户地址时，可以像下面这样：

db.users.findOne({"name":"bianchengbang"},{"address":1})
{
        "_id" : ObjectId("603c8471f2c28d0fdf74ae78"),
        "address" : [
                {
                        "place" : "22 A, Indiana Apt",
                        "postcode" : 123456,
                        "city" : "Los Angeles",
                        "country" : "California"
                },
                {
                        "place" : "170 A, Acropolis Apt",
                        "postcode" : 456789,
                        "city" : "Chicago",
                        "country" : "Illinois"
                }
        ]
}

虽然这样的结构在读取数据时很方便，但这种数据结构也是有缺点的，当用户和用户地址不断增加，数据量不断变大时，会大大影响数据库的读写性能。

所以嵌入式结构文档适用于数据不怎么变动的场景

引用式关系

{
  "_id": "8296005556903116800",
  "place": "北京海淀区",
  "postcode": "076250",
  "city": "北京",
  "country": "中国",
  "_class": "com.dcits.datalink.monitor.job.module.mongo.test.Address"
},
{
  "_id": "8296005556903116801",
  "place": "上海浦东",
  "postcode": "32323223",
  "city": "上海",
  "country": "中国",
  "_class": "com.dcits.datalink.monitor.job.module.mongo.test.Address"
},
{
  "_id": "8296012815791587328",
  "place": "England iland",
  "postcode": "332322",
  "city": "England",
  "country": "英国",
  "_class": "com.dcits.datalink.monitor.job.module.mongo.test.Address"
},
{
  "_id": "8296012815795781632",
  "place": "巴黎 街道",
  "postcode": "3232222222",
  "city": "巴黎",
  "country": "法国",
  "_class": "com.dcits.datalink.monitor.job.module.mongo.test.Address"
}

{
  "_id": "8296013370126532608",
  "name": "张三",
  "phone": "15510514519",
  "birth": {
    "$date": {
      "$numberLong": "1672133933180"
    }
  },
  "address_ids": [
    "8296005556903116801",
    "8296005556903116800"
  ],
  "_class": "com.dcits.datalink.monitor.job.module.mongo.test.User"
},
{
  "_id": "8296013370126532609",
  "name": "Lucy",
  "phone": "01022112121",
  "birth": {
    "$date": {
      "$numberLong": "1672133933180"
    }
  },
  "address_ids": [
    "8296012815791587328",
    "8296012815795781632"
  ],
  "_class": "com.dcits.datalink.monitor.job.module.mongo.test.User"
}

查询

rsb:PRIMARY> db.user.findOne({"name":"Lucy"},{"address_ids":1})
{
        "_id" : "8296013370126532609",
        "address_ids" : [
                "8296012815791587328",
                "8296012815795781632"
        ]
}
rsb:PRIMARY> var ids= db.user.findOne({"name":"Lucy"},{"address_ids":1})
rsb:PRIMARY> ids
{
        "_id" : "8296013370126532609",
        "address_ids" : [
                "8296012815791587328",
                "8296012815795781632"
        ]
}

rsb:PRIMARY> var addresses =db.address.find({"_id":{"$in":ids["address_ids"]}}).pretty()
rsb:PRIMARY> addresses
{
        "_id" : "8296012815791587328",
        "place" : "England iland",
        "postcode" : "332322",
        "city" : "England",
        "country" : "英国",
        "_class" : "com.dcits.datalink.monitor.job.module.mongo.test.Address"
}
{
        "_id" : "8296012815795781632",
        "place" : "巴黎街道",
        "postcode" : "3232222222",
        "city" : "巴黎",
        "country" : "法国",
        "_class" : "com.dcits.datalink.monitor.job.module.mongo.test.Address"
}
rsb:PRIMARY> 

DBrefs

DBRef 的语法形式如下：

{ $ref : value, $id : value, $db : value }

DBRefs 中有以下三个字段：

$ref：此字段用来指定要引用文档所在的集合；
$id：此字段用来指定要引用文档的 _id 字段值；
$db：可选字段，用来指定要引用文档所在的数据库名称；
value：表示各个字段所对应的值。

在下面示例的 users 文档中，address 字段就使用了 DBRefs：

rsb:PRIMARY> db.users.insert({
... "phone":"00000000",
... "pincode":"01-01-1099",
... "address":{
... "$ref":"address",
... "$id":"8296012815791587328",
... "$db":"test"
... }})

WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
rsb:PRIMARY> db.users.find().pretty()
{
        "_id" : ObjectId("63aac5be1b4920a4c76cc7c9"),
        "phone" : "00000000",
        "pincode" : "01-01-1099",
        "address" : DBRef("address", "8296012815791587328", "test")
}
rsb:PRIMARY> 

上面的 address 字段指定了引用的文档位于“bianchengbang”数据库下的“address_home”集合中，文档的 _id 值为 603c9355f2c28d0fdf74ae79。

rsb:PRIMARY> var user= db.users.findOne({phone:"00000000"})

rsb:PRIMARY> user
{
        "_id" : ObjectId("63aac5be1b4920a4c76cc7c9"),
        "phone" : "00000000",
        "pincode" : "01-01-1099",
        "address" : DBRef("address", "8296012815791587328", "test")
}

rsb:PRIMARY> var dbRef=user.address
rsb:PRIMARY> dbRef
DBRef("address", "8296012815791587328", "test")

rsb:PRIMARY> db[dbRef.$ref].findOne({"_id":(dbRef.$id)})
{
        "_id" : "8296012815791587328",
        "place" : "England iland",
        "postcode" : "332322",
        "city" : "England",
        "country" : "英国",
        "_class" : "com.dcits.datalink.monitor.job.module.mongo.test.Address"
}