centos7.x 根目录扩容

centos7.x 根目录扩容

 

在平时，经常会遇到装完的系统硬盘太小无法很好使用的情况，现在介绍下，根目录扩容的方法。本文有些基本的知识，PV,VG,LV等概念，自己事情调查理解。

 

另外，virtualbox 增加硬盘步骤不在赘述。如下图，界面点点即可。

 

下面就阐述，如何进行扩充根目录。

 

1. 登录到系统中，查看硬盘情况。 /dev/sdb就是在virtualbox界面增加的硬盘。

 

[root@controller ~]# fdisk -l

 

Disk /dev/sda: 23.6 GB, 23593779200 bytes, 46081600 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk label type: dos

Disk identifier: 0x000ac27e

 

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sda1   *        2048     1026047      512000   83  Linux

/dev/sda2         1026048    46079999    22526976   8e  Linux LVM

 

Disk /dev/sdb: 85.9 GB, 85899345920 bytes, 167772160 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

 

Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 20.7 GB, 20661141504 bytes, 40353792 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

 

 

 

 

Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 2361 MB, 2361393152 bytes, 4612096 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

 

2. 操作/dev/sdb，进行分区，格式化。

 

[root@controller ~]# 

[root@controller ~]# 

[root@controller ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

 

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.

Be careful before using the write command.

 

Device does not contain a recognized partition table

Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xd7252d64.

 

Command (m for help): m

Command action

   a   toggle a bootable flag

   b   edit bsd disklabel

   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag

   d   delete a partition

   g   create a new empty GPT partition table

   G   create an IRIX (SGI) partition table

   l   list known partition types

   m   print this menu

   n   add a new partition

   o   create a new empty DOS partition table

   p   print the partition table

   q   quit without saving changes

   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel

   t   change a partition's system id

   u   change display/entry units

   v   verify the partition table

   w   write table to disk and exit

   x   extra functionality (experts only)

 

Command (m for help): n

Partition type:

   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)

   e   extended

Select (default p): p

Partition number (1-4, default 1): 

First sector (2048-167772159, default 2048): 

Using default value 2048

Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-167772159, default 167772159): 

Using default value 167772159

Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 80 GiB is set

 

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

 

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

[root@controller ~]# 

[root@controller ~]# fdisk -l

 

Disk /dev/sda: 23.6 GB, 23593779200 bytes, 46081600 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk label type: dos

Disk identifier: 0x000ac27e

 

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sda1   *        2048     1026047      512000   83  Linux

/dev/sda2         1026048    46079999    22526976   8e  Linux LVM

 

 

Disk /dev/sdb: 85.9 GB, 85899345920 bytes, 167772160 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk label type: dos

Disk identifier: 0xd7252d64

 

 

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sdb1            2048   167772159    83885056   83  Linux

 

 

Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 20.7 GB, 20661141504 bytes, 40353792 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

 

Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 2361 MB, 2361393152 bytes, 4612096 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

 

3. 修改硬盘类型，修改为linux LVM，代码8e。此步骤也可以在分区步骤中直接完成。

[root@controller ~]# 

[root@controller ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

 

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.

Be careful before using the write command.

 

Command (m for help): t

Selected partition 1

Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e

Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'

 

Command (m for help): p

 

Disk /dev/sdb: 85.9 GB, 85899345920 bytes, 167772160 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk label type: dos

Disk identifier: 0xd7252d64

 

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sdb1            2048   167772159    83885056   8e  Linux LVM

 

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

 

 

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

[root@controller ~]# 

[root@controller ~]# fdisk -l

 

Disk /dev/sda: 23.6 GB, 23593779200 bytes, 46081600 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk label type: dos

Disk identifier: 0x000ac27e

 

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sda1   *        2048     1026047      512000   83  Linux

/dev/sda2         1026048    46079999    22526976   8e  Linux LVM

 

Disk /dev/sdb: 85.9 GB, 85899345920 bytes, 167772160 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk label type: dos

Disk identifier: 0xd7252d64

 

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sdb1            2048   167772159    83885056   8e  Linux LVM

 

Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 20.7 GB, 20661141504 bytes, 40353792 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

 

Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 2361 MB, 2361393152 bytes, 4612096 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

 

4. 创建 PV。

 

[root@controller ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1

  Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.

[root@controller ~]# 

 

5. 查看VG.

 

[root@controller ~]# vgs

  VG     #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize  VFree 

  centos   1   2   0 wz--n- 21.48g 40.00m

[root@controller ~]# 

 

6. 扩展 VG。

 

[root@controller ~]# vgextend centos /dev/sdb1

  Volume group "centos" successfully extended

[root@controller ~]# 

[root@controller ~]# df -hl

Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/centos-root   20G  5.7G   14G  30% /

devtmpfs                 1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev

tmpfs                    1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev/shm

tmpfs                    1.9G  8.4M  1.9G   1% /run

tmpfs                    1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/sda1                497M  215M  283M  44% /boot

tmpfs                    380M     0  380M   0% /run/user/0

[root@controller ~]# 

 

 

7. 扩展 LV./dev/mapper/centos-root 为根目录。

 

[root@controller ~]# 

[root@controller ~]# lvextend -L +70G /dev/mapper/centos-root /dev/sdb1 

  Size of logical volume centos/root changed from 19.24 GiB (4926 extents) to 89.24 GiB (22846 extents).

  Logical volume centos/root successfully resized.

[root@controller ~]# 

[root@controller ~]# 

[root@controller ~]# df -hl

Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/centos-root   20G  5.7G   14G  30% /

devtmpfs                 1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev

tmpfs                    1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev/shm

tmpfs                    1.9G  8.5M  1.9G   1% /run

tmpfs                    1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/sda1                497M  215M  283M  44% /boot

tmpfs                    380M     0  380M   0% /run/user/0

[root@controller ~]# 

 

8. 扩展生效。

 

[root@controller ~]# xfs_growfs  /dev/mapper/centos-root 

meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=256    agcount=4, agsize=1261056 blks

         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1

         =                       crc=0        finobt=0 spinodes=0

data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=5044224, imaxpct=25

         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks

naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=0

log      =internal               bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2

         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1

realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

data blocks changed from 5044224 to 23394304

[root@controller ~]# 

[root@controller ~]# df -h

Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/centos-root   90G  5.7G   84G   7% /

devtmpfs                 1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev

tmpfs                    1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev/shm

tmpfs                    1.9G  8.5M  1.9G   1% /run

tmpfs                    1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/sda1                497M  215M  283M  44% /boot

tmpfs                    380M     0  380M   0% /run/user/0