[CodeForces]-672B-Different is Good

[CodeForces]-672B-Different is Good
原题：
B - Different is Good
Time Limit:2000MS Memory Limit:262144KB 64bit IO Format:%I64d & %I64u
Submit

Status

Practice

CodeForces 672B
Appoint description:
Description
A wise man told Kerem “Different is good” once, so Kerem wants all things in his life to be different.

Kerem recently got a string s consisting of lowercase English letters. Since Kerem likes it when things are different, he wants all substrings of his string s to be distinct. Substring is a string formed by some number of consecutive characters of the string. For example, string “aba” has substrings “” (empty substring), “a”, “b”, “a”, “ab”, “ba”, “aba”.

If string s has at least two equal substrings then Kerem will change characters at some positions to some other lowercase English letters. Changing characters is a very tiring job, so Kerem want to perform as few changes as possible.

Your task is to find the minimum number of changes needed to make all the substrings of the given string distinct, or determine that it is impossible.

Input
The first line of the input contains an integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 100 000) — the length of the string s.

The second line contains the string s of length n consisting of only lowercase English letters.

Output
If it’s impossible to change the string s such that all its substring are distinct print -1. Otherwise print the minimum required number of changes.

Sample Input
Input
2
aa
Output
1
Input
4
koko
Output
2
Input
5
murat
Output
0
Hint
In the first sample one of the possible solutions is to change the first character to ‘b’.

In the second sample, one may change the first character to ‘a’ and second character to ‘b’, so the string becomes “abko”.

题目大意：就是给定一个字符串，问经过最少多少次修改可以使该字符串的所有子串都不相同。

题目分析：因为是所有子串都不相同，所以只要有相同的2个字母的时候一阶子串就会相同。所以只要使所有的字母都不相同就可以了。

个人陷阱：发现遍历字符串将对应的字母放入对应的数组位置的时候：

for (int i = 0;i<n;i++){
         vis[str[i]-'a']++; 
 }

这里的n指的是str.length()，如果我取i<=n时就会在DEVC++中莫名蹦掉，只是小于就没有事，奇怪。

代码：

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<algorithm>
#include<cmath>
#include<string>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std  ;

int vis[28]; //存字母的重复个数

int main()
{
    int len ; 
    cin>>len ; 
    string str ; 
    cin>>str;
    int ans = 0 ;
    int n = str.length();
    if(len > 26 ){
        cout<<"-1";
    }
    else if(len>0&&len<=26){
        for (int i = 0;i<n;i++){
         vis[str[i]-'a']++; 
        }
        for(int j = 0 ; j < 26 ;j ++){
            if(vis[j]>1){
                ans += vis[j]-1 ;
            }
        }
        cout<<ans;
    }
    else if(len = 0 ){
        cout<<"0";
    }

     //cout<<vis[0]<<endl; 
    return 0 ; 
}