hibernate 注解入门实例

最新推荐文章于 2020-06-15 10:29:22 发布

懒企鹅

最新推荐文章于 2020-06-15 10:29:22 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_24949727/article/details/71721341

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班级（一）--->学生（多）

package com.xh.hibernate.beans;


import javax.persistence.*;

/**
 * Created by root on 17-5-12.
 */
@Entity
@Table
public class Student {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    @Column(name="id",nullable = false,unique = true)
    private Long id;
    private String name;
    @ManyToOne
    @JoinColumn(name = "cid")
    private Classes classes;

    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Classes getClasses() {
        return classes;
    }

    public void setClasses(Classes classes) {
        this.classes = classes;
    }
}

package com.xh.hibernate.beans;

import javax.persistence.*;
import java.util.Set;

/**
 * Created by root on 17-5-12.
 */
@Entity
@Table
public class Classes {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    @Column(name="id",nullable = false,unique = true)
    private Long id;
    private String name;
    @OneToMany(mappedBy = "classes",cascade = {CascadeType.ALL} )
    private Set<Student> students;

    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Set<Student> getStudents() {
        return students;
    }

    public void setStudents(Set<Student> students) {
        this.students = students;
    }
}

hibernate.cfg.xml

<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-configuration>
    <session-factory>
        <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
        <!--hibernate_first要操作的数据库-->
        <property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test</property>
        <property name="hibernate.connection.username">root</property>
        <property name="hibernate.connection.password"></property>
        <property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
        <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
        <!--是否在控制台输出操作的sql语句-->
        <property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property>
        <mapping class="com.xh.hibernate.beans.Student" ></mapping>
        <mapping class="com.xh.hibernate.beans.Classes" ></mapping>

    </session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

测试类;

package com.xh.hibernate;

import com.xh.hibernate.beans.Classes;
import com.xh.hibernate.beans.Student;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

/**
 * Unit test for simple App.
 */
public class AppTest {

    Configuration configuration = new Configuration().configure("hibernate.cfg.xml");

    SessionFactory sessionFactory = configuration.buildSessionFactory();


    @Test
    public void saveStu() {
        Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
        Transaction transation = session.getTransaction();//获得事务
        transation.begin();//开启事务
        Student student = new Student();
        student.setName("s1");
        session.save(student);
        transation.commit();//提交事务
    }

    /**
     * saveStu():
     * MariaDB [test]> select * from Student;
     * +----+------+------+
     * | id | name | cid  |
     * +----+------+------+
     * |  1 | s1   | NULL |
     * +----+------+------+
     */

    @Test
    public void saveClas() {
        Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
        Transaction transation = session.getTransaction();//获得事务
        transation.begin();//开启事务
        Classes classes = new Classes();
        Set c1 = new HashSet();
        classes.setName("1b");
        Student student1 = new Student();
        student1.setName("1b-s1");
        Student student2 = new Student();
        student2.setName("1b-s2");
        c1.add(student1);
        c1.add(student2);
        //保存Classes之前先要让Student拥有Classes
        student1.setClasses(classes);
        student2.setClasses(classes);
        classes.setStudents(c1);
        //session.save(classes);
        session.persist(classes);
        transation.commit();//提交事务
    }
    /**
    @Test
    public void saveClas() {
    Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
    Transaction transation = session.getTransaction();//获得事务
    transation.begin();//开启事务
    Classes classes = new Classes();
    Set c1 = new HashSet();
    classes.setName("1b");
    Student student1 = new Student();
    student1.setName("1b-s1");
    Student student2 = new Student();
    student2.setName("1b-s2");
    c1.add(student1);
    c1.add(student2);
    classes.setStudents(c1);
    session.save(classes);
    transation.commit();//提交事务
    }

     *saveClas():
     *MariaDB [test]> select * from Student;
     +----+-------+------+
     | id | name  | cid  |
     +----+-------+------+
     |  1 | s1    | NULL |
     |  2 | 1b-s1 | NULL |
     |  3 | 1b-s2 | NULL |
     +----+-------+------+
     MariaDB [test]> select * from Classes;
     +----+------+
     | id | name |
     +----+------+
     |  1 | 1b   |
     +----+------+

     Student的外键为空，是因为Classes不负责维护关系，好像mappedBy 就意味inverse=true
     hibernate默认只能是多的一方维护关系。
     所以在保存Classes之前先要让Student拥有Classes。
     于是添加：

     @Test
     public void saveClas() {
     Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
     Transaction transation = session.getTransaction();//获得事务
     transation.begin();//开启事务
     Classes classes = new Classes();
     Set c1 = new HashSet();
     classes.setName("1b");
     Student student1 = new Student();
     student1.setName("1b-s1");
     Student student2 = new Student();
     student2.setName("1b-s2");
     c1.add(student1);
     c1.add(student2);

     //保存Classes之前先要让Student拥有Classes
     student1.setClasses(classes);
     student2.setClasses(classes);

     classes.setStudents(c1);
     session.save(classes);
     transation.commit();//提交事务
     }
     MariaDB [test]> select * from Student;
     +----+-------+------+
     | id | name  | cid  |
     +----+-------+------+
     |  1 | s1    | NULL |
     |  2 | 1b-s1 | NULL |
     |  3 | 1b-s2 | NULL |
     |  4 | 1b-s1 |    2 |
     |  5 | 1b-s2 |    2 |
     +----+-------+------+
     MariaDB [test]> select * from Classes;
     +----+------+
     | id | name |
     +----+------+
     |  1 | 1b   |
     |  2 | 1b   |
     +----+------+

     */


    @Test
    public void delClasses(){
        Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
        Transaction transation = session.getTransaction();//获得事务
        transation.begin();//开启事务
        //System.out.println(session.get(Classes.class,5L).toString());
        Classes classes=(Classes)session.get(Classes.class,7L);
        for (Student s:classes.getStudents()){
            s.setClasses(null);
        }
        session.delete(classes);
        transation.commit();//提交事务
    }

    /**
     *首先看看数据库
     * MariaDB [test]> select * from Classes;
     +----+------+
     | id | name |
     +----+------+
     |  5 | 1b   |
     +----+------+
     1 row in set (0.00 sec)

     MariaDB [test]> select * from Student;
     +----+-------+------+
     | id | name  | cid  |
     +----+-------+------+
     | 12 | s1    | NULL |
     | 13 | 1b-s1 |    5 |
     | 14 | 1b-s2 |    5 |
     +----+-------+------+
    执行后：
     MariaDB [test]> select * from Student;
     +----+------+------+
     | id | name | cid  |
     +----+------+------+
     | 12 | s1   | NULL |
     +----+------+------+
     1 row in set (0.00 sec)
    说明级联删除了

     如果我不想级联删除，希望只删除Classes，Student的cid置空
     1、先修改Classes的cascade = {CascadeType.ALL}改为：
     cascade = {CascadeType.PERSIST,CascadeType.MERGE,CascadeType.REFRESH}
    2、session.save(classes);改为
       session.persist(classes);
     否则不会级联保存学生

     现在的数据库：
     MariaDB [test]> select * from Student;
     +----+-------+------+
     | id | name  | cid  |
     +----+-------+------+
     | 12 | s1    | NULL |
     | 15 | 1b-s1 |    7 |
     | 16 | 1b-s2 |    7 |
     +----+-------+------+
     3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

     MariaDB [test]> select * from Classes;
     +----+------+
     | id | name |
     +----+------+
     |  6 | 1b   |
     |  7 | 1b   |
     +----+------+
     2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

     @Test
     public void delClasses(){
     Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
     Transaction transation = session.getTransaction();//获得事务
     transation.begin();//开启事务
     //System.out.println(session.get(Classes.class,5L).toString());
     Classes classes=(Classes)session.get(Classes.class,7L);
     session.delete(classes);
     transation.commit();//提交事务
     }
     Cannot delete or update a parent row: a foreign key constraint fails (`test`.`Student`, CONSTRAINT `FK_ot8tyy5l6tvxn3xxphmx1efl6` FOREIGN KEY (`cid`) REFERENCES `Classes` (`id`))
     at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
     at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
     at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
     at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
     at com.mysql.jdbc.Util.handleNewInstance(Util.java:411)
     看来不用CascadeType.REMOVE 并非智能的不删除关联对象
     好像Hibernate不会自动置空（也许有，但我目前还没有发现），所以要手动：

     @Test
     public void delClasses(){
     Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
     Transaction transation = session.getTransaction();//获得事务
     transation.begin();//开启事务
     //System.out.println(session.get(Classes.class,5L).toString());
     Classes classes=(Classes)session.get(Classes.class,7L);
     for (Student s:classes.getStudents()){
     s.setClasses(null);
     }
     session.delete(classes);
     transation.commit();//提交事务
     }

     MariaDB [test]> select * from Student;
     +----+-------+------+
     | id | name  | cid  |
     +----+-------+------+
     | 12 | s1    | NULL |
     | 15 | 1b-s1 | NULL |
     | 16 | 1b-s2 | NULL |
     +----+-------+------+
     3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

     MariaDB [test]> select * from Classes;
     +----+------+
     | id | name |
     +----+------+
     |  6 | 1b   |
     +----+------+
     1 row in set (0.00 sec)

     */


}