linux安装k8s环境初始化

原创 于 2021-09-17 15:51:00 发布 · 18 阅读 · 0 ·
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#linux #kubernetes #运维 #服务器 #容器

本文详细介绍Kubernetes(K8s)集群的搭建过程，包括基础环境配置、集群初始化、网络插件安装及服务验证等关键步骤。

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一、基础环境配置

1、检查操作系统版本

# 此方式要求k8s集群要求在centos7.5版本或者以上版本

[root@k8s-master /]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)

2、主机名解析

为了方便后面集群间的直接调用，配置主机名解析

[root@k8s-master /]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.174.128 k8s-master
192.168.174.129 k8s-node1
192.168.174.130 k8s-node2

3、时间同步

k8s要求集群中的节点时间必须精确一致，这里使用chronyd服务从网络同步时间# 启动chronyd服务

# 启动服务

[root@k8s-master /]# systemctl start chronyd

# 设置服务自启动
[root@k8s-master /]# systemctl enable chronyd

# 查看时间
[root@k8s-master /]# date
2021年 09月 17日 星期五 15:55:26 CST

4、禁用iptables和firewalld服务

k8s运行中会产生大量的iptable规则，避免规则混淆，直接关闭系统原则

[root@k8s-master /]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@k8s-master /]# systemctl disable firewalld
[root@k8s-master /]# systemctl stop iptables
[root@k8s-master /]# systemctl disable iptables

5、禁用selinux

selinux是linux系统的一个安全服务，如果不关闭将造成集群各种问题

# 编辑、/etc/selinux/config 文件
# 修改之后需要重启服务
SELINUX=disabled

6、禁用swap分区

# 编辑分区配置文件 etc/fstab ，注释掉swap分区这一行
[root@k8s-node2 /]# cat /etc/fstab

#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Mon May 24 05:53:45 2021
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/centos-root /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=34218ca8-2e15-49b3-86d7-2493ae5c58ae /boot                   xfs     defaults        0 0
# /dev/mapper/centos-swap swap                    swap    defaults        0 0

 7、修改linux内核参数

# 修改(添加)linux内核参数，天机网桥过滤和地址转发功能
# 编辑 vim etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf
[root@k8s-master /]# vim etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf

net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables=1
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

# 重新加载配置

[root@k8s-master /]# sysctl -p

#加载网桥过滤模块

[root@k8s-master /]# modprobe br_netfilter

# 查看网桥过滤模块是否加载成功

[root@k8s-master /]# lsmod | grep br_netfilter
br_netfilter 22256 0
bridge 151336 1 br_netfilter

 8、配置ipvs功能

 k8s配置使用ipvs为代理

# 1、安装upset和ipvsadmin
yum install ipset ipvsadm -y
# 2、添加需要加载的模块写入脚本文件
cat <<EOF > /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
#!/bin/bash
modprobe – ip_vs
modprobe – ip_vs_rr
modprobe – ip_vs_wrr
modprobe – ip_vs_sh
modprobe – nf_conntrack_ipv4
EOF

# 3、为脚本添加权限
chmod +x /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules

# 4、执行脚本
/bin/bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules

# 5、查看对应模块是否加载成功
grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack_ipv4

 9、重启服务

reboot

10、安装docker切换镜像

wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
1、査看当前镜像源中支持的docker版本
yum list docker-ce --showduplicates
2、安装特定版本的docker-ce
#必须指定--setopt=obsoletes=0,否则yum#自动安装更高版本
yum install docker-ce-19.03.15-3.el7
3、 添加一个配件
# Docker在默认情况下使用的Cgroup Driver为cgroupfs,而kubernetes荐庚用systemd来代曾cgroupfs
# mkdir /etc/docker
cat<<EOF > /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
  "registry-mirrors": [
    "https://kfwkfulq.mirror.aliyuncs.com",
    "https://2lqq34jg.mirror.aliyuncs.com",
    "https://pee6w651.mirror.aliyuncs.com",
    "https://registry.docker-cn.com",
    "http://hub-mirror.c.163.com"],
 "exec-opts":["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
}
EOF
# 5 后动docker
# systemctl restart docker

 11、安装k8s组件

# 由于kubernetes的镜像源在国外，速度比较慢，这里切换成国内的镜像源
# 编辑 /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo，添加下面的配置

cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg


# 安装kubeadnu kubelet和kubectl(制定版本)
# yum install --setopt=obsoletes=0 kubeadm-1.17.4 kubelet-1.17.4 kubectl-1.17.4 -y

  #安装最新版本,也可安装指定版本
  yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl

   #查看kubelet版本 
kubelet --version
#查看kubeadm版本
kubeadm version
#重新加载配置文件
systemctl daemon-reload

#启动kubelet
systemctl start kubelet

#查看kubelet启动状态
systemctl status kubelet
#没启动成功,报错先不管,后面的kubeadm init会拉起

#设置开机自启动
systemctl enable kubelet

#查看kubelet开机启动状态 enabled:开启, disabled:关闭
systemctl is-enabled kubelet

#查看日志
journalctl -xefu kubelet
# 配置 kubelet的cgroup

# 编辑 /etc/sysconfig/kubelet，添加下面的配置 
KUBELET_CGROUP_ARGS="--cgroup-driver=systemd"
KUBE_PROXY_MODE="ipvs"

# 设置kubelet幵机自启 
# systemctl enable kubelet

二、集群初始化

1、准备镜像文件

#查看k8s组件版本
kubeadm config images list
#通过国内镜像仓库下载所需的镜像文件
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver:v1.17.4
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager:v1.17.4
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler:v1.17.4
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.17.4
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.1
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd:3.4.3-0
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:1.6.5

#更改镜像名称
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver:v1.17.4 k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.17.4
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager:v1.17.4 k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.17.4
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler:v1.17.4 k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler:v1.17.4
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.17.4 k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.17.4
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.1 k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd:3.4.3-0 k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.4.3-0
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:1.6.5 k8s.gcr.io/coredns:1.6.5

#删除原先的镜像
docker image rm registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver:v1.17.4
docker image rm registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager:v1.17.4
docker image rm registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler:v1.17.4
docker image rm registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.17.4
docker image rm registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.1
docker image rm registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd:3.4.3-0
docker image rm registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:1.6.5

2、初始化集群(master节点)

#执行初始化命令，创建集群
kubeadm init --kubernetes-version v1.17.4  --pod-network-cidr 10.244.0.0/16  --ignore-preflight-errors=NumCPU

#创建必要的文件

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

#查看节点
kubectl get node

 

初始化错误解决办法：

#删除文件
/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env
/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml
/etc/kubernetes
#执行脚本
swapoff -a
kubeadm reset
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart kubelet
iptables -F && iptables -t nat -F && iptables -t mangle -F && iptables -X  
# 重新执行初始化脚本

3、node节点加入集群(node节点)

kubeadm join 192.168.174.128:6443 --token x818xi.jzxi4utggs081p71 \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:b6e3b74bf2eb2c7dce03225b1993a03f747700c74cc75b6b1dea9712bdc3cdfa

 4、安装网络插件(master节点)

#创建文件夹
mkdir flannel && cd flannel
#下载文件
curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
# kube-flannel.yml里需要下载镜像,我这里提前先下载
docker pull quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.14.0-rc1
#创建flannel网络插件
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml

#过一会查看k8s集群节点,变成Ready状态了
kubectl get nodes

[root@k8s-master flannel]# kubectl get nodes


NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master Ready master 21m v1.17.4
k8s-node1 Ready <none> 4m37s v1.17.4
k8s-node2 Ready <none> 17m v1.17.4

 

搞定，但是 raw.githubusercontent.com已经被墙了，这里放上kube-flannel.yml文件的源码

cat <<EOF > kube-flannel.yml
---
apiVersion: policy/v1beta1
kind: PodSecurityPolicy
metadata:
  name: psp.flannel.unprivileged
  annotations:
    seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: docker/default
    seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: docker/default
    apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: runtime/default
    apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: runtime/default
spec:
  privileged: false
  volumes:
    - configMap
    - secret
    - emptyDir
    - hostPath
  allowedHostPaths:
    - pathPrefix: "/etc/cni/net.d"
    - pathPrefix: "/etc/kube-flannel"
    - pathPrefix: "/run/flannel"
  readOnlyRootFilesystem: false
  # Users and groups
  runAsUser:
    rule: RunAsAny
  supplementalGroups:
    rule: RunAsAny
  fsGroup:
    rule: RunAsAny
  # Privilege Escalation
  allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
  defaultAllowPrivilegeEscalation: false
  # Capabilities
  allowedCapabilities: ['NET_ADMIN']
  defaultAddCapabilities: []
  requiredDropCapabilities: []
  # Host namespaces
  hostPID: false
  hostIPC: false
  hostNetwork: true
  hostPorts:
  - min: 0
    max: 65535
  # SELinux
  seLinux:
    # SELinux is unused in CaaSP
    rule: 'RunAsAny'
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
  name: flannel
rules:
  - apiGroups: ['extensions']
    resources: ['podsecuritypolicies']
    verbs: ['use']
    resourceNames: ['psp.flannel.unprivileged']
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - pods
    verbs:
      - get
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - nodes
    verbs:
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - nodes/status
    verbs:
      - patch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
  name: flannel
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: flannel
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: flannel
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: flannel
  namespace: kube-system
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-cfg
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
data:
  cni-conf.json: |
    {
      "name": "cbr0",
      "cniVersion": "0.3.1",
      "plugins": [
        {
          "type": "flannel",
          "delegate": {
            "hairpinMode": true,
            "isDefaultGateway": true
          }
        },
        {
          "type": "portmap",
          "capabilities": {
            "portMappings": true
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  net-conf.json: |
    {
      "Network": "10.244.0.0/16",
      "Backend": {
        "Type": "vxlan"
      }
    }
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds-amd64
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
              - matchExpressions:
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - linux
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - amd64
      hostNetwork: true
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
      - name: install-cni
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni
          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
          limits:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
            add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        volumeMounts:
        - name: run
          mountPath: /run/flannel
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      volumes:
        - name: run
          hostPath:
            path: /run/flannel
        - name: cni
          hostPath:
            path: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          configMap:
            name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds-arm64
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
              - matchExpressions:
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - linux
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - arm64
      hostNetwork: true
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
      - name: install-cni
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm64
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni
          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm64
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
          limits:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
             add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        volumeMounts:
        - name: run
          mountPath: /run/flannel
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      volumes:
        - name: run
          hostPath:
            path: /run/flannel
        - name: cni
          hostPath:
            path: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          configMap:
            name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds-arm
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
              - matchExpressions:
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - linux
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - arm
      hostNetwork: true
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
      - name: install-cni
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni
          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
          limits:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
             add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        volumeMounts:
        - name: run
          mountPath: /run/flannel
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      volumes:
        - name: run
          hostPath:
            path: /run/flannel
        - name: cni
          hostPath:
            path: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          configMap:
            name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds-ppc64le
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
              - matchExpressions:
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - linux
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - ppc64le
      hostNetwork: true
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
      - name: install-cni
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-ppc64le
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni
          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-ppc64le
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
          limits:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
             add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        volumeMounts:
        - name: run
          mountPath: /run/flannel
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      volumes:
        - name: run
          hostPath:
            path: /run/flannel
        - name: cni
          hostPath:
            path: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          configMap:
            name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds-s390x
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
              - matchExpressions:
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - linux
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - s390x
      hostNetwork: true
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
      - name: install-cni
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-s390x
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni
          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-s390x
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
          limits:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
             add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        volumeMounts:
        - name: run
          mountPath: /run/flannel
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      volumes:
        - name: run
          hostPath:
            path: /run/flannel
        - name: cni
          hostPath:
            path: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          configMap:
            name: kube-flannel-cfg
EOF
View Code

5、服务验证(部署一个nginx服务)

#部署nginx
kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx:1.14-alpine
#暴露端口
kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --type=NodePort
#查看服务状态
kubectl get pod

kubectl get service/svc

6、k8s版本问题解决办法

[ERROR KubeletVersion]: the kubelet version is higher than the control plane version. This is not a supported version skew and may lead to a malfunctional cluster

 原因：

Kubelet 和 Kubeadm 版本不一致导致

查看kubelet 和 kubeadm 版本

[root@k8s-master01 cluster]# kubelet --version
Kubernetes v1.19.3
[root@k8s-master01 cluster]# kubeadm version
kubeadm version: &version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"14", GitVersion:"v1.14.0", GitCommit:"641856db18352033a0d96dbc99153fa3b27298e5", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2019-03-25T15:51:21Z", GoVersion:"go1.12.1", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}
[root@k8s-master01 cluster]#

解决办法：

重新安装对应的 kubelet 版本

yum -y remove kubelet
yum  -y  install kubelet-1.14.0 kubeadm-1.14.0 kubectl-1.14.0 --disableexcludes=kubernetes

启动服务

systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl restart kubelet
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