Java8 Stream
先贴上几个案例,水平高超的同学可以挑战一下:
- 从员工集合中筛选出salary大于8000的员工,并放置到新的集合里。
- 统计员工的最高薪资、平均薪资、薪资之和。
- 将员工按薪资从高到低排序,同样薪资者年龄小者在前。
- 将员工按性别分类,将员工按性别和地区分类,将员工按薪资是否高于8000分为两部分。
用传统的迭代处理也不是很难,但代码就显得冗余了,跟Stream相比高下立判。
1 Stream概述
Java 8 是一个非常成功的版本,这个版本新增的Stream
,配合同版本出现的 Lambda
,给我们操作集合(Collection)提供了极大的便利。
那么什么是Stream
?
Stream
将要处理的元素集合看作一种流,在流的过程中,借助Stream API
对流中的元素进行操作,比如:筛选、排序、聚合等。
Stream
可以由数组或集合创建,对流的操作分为两种:
- 中间操作,每次返回一个新的流,可以有多个。
- 终端操作,每个流只能进行一次终端操作,终端操作结束后流无法再次使用。终端操作会产生一个新的集合或值。
另外,Stream
有几个特性:
- stream不存储数据,而是按照特定的规则对数据进行计算,一般会输出结果。
- stream不会改变数据源,通常情况下会产生一个新的集合或一个值。
- stream具有延迟执行特性,只有调用终端操作时,中间操作才会执行。
2 Stream的创建
Stream
可以通过集合数组创建。
1、通过 java.util.Collection.stream()
方法用集合创建流
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("a", "b", "c");
// 创建一个顺序流
Stream<String> stream = list.stream();
// 创建一个并行流
Stream<String> parallelStream = list.parallelStream();
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2、使用java.util.Arrays.stream(T[] array)
方法用数组创建流
int[] array={1,3,5,6,8};
IntStream stream = Arrays.stream(array);
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3、使用Stream
的静态方法:of()、iterate()、generate()
Stream<Integer> stream = Stream.of(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6);
Stream<Integer> stream2 = Stream.iterate(0, (x) -> x + 3).limit(4);
stream2.forEach(System.out::println);
Stream<Double> stream3 = Stream.generate(Math::random).limit(3);
stream3.forEach(System.out::println);
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输出结果:
0 3 6 9
0.6796156909271994
0.1914314208854283
0.8116932592396652
stream
和parallelStream
的简单区分: stream
是顺序流,由主线程按顺序对流执行操作,而parallelStream
是并行流,内部以多线程并行执行的方式对流进行操作,但前提是流中的数据处理没有顺序要求。例如筛选集合中的奇数,两者的处理不同之处:
如果流中的数据量足够大,并行流可以加快处速度。
除了直接创建并行流,还可以通过parallel()
把顺序流转换成并行流:
Optional<Integer> findFirst = list.stream().parallel().filter(x->x>6).findFirst();
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3 Stream的使用
在使用stream之前,先理解一个概念:Optional
。
Optional
类是一个可以为null
的容器对象。如果值存在则isPresent()
方法会返回true
,调用get()
方法会返回该对象。
更详细说明请见:菜鸟教程Java 8 Optional类
接下来,大批代码向你袭来!我将用20个案例将Stream的使用整得明明白白,只要跟着敲一遍代码,就能很好地掌握。
案例使用的员工类
这是后面案例中使用的员工类:
List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>();
personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900, "male", "New York"));
personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000, "male", "Washington"));
personList.add(new Person("Lily", 7800, "female", "Washington"));
personList.add(new Person("Anni", 8200, "female", "New York"));
personList.add(new Person("Owen", 9500, "male", "New York"));
personList.add(new Person("Alisa", 7900, "female", "New York"));
class Person {
private String name; // 姓名
private int salary; // 薪资
private int age; // 年龄
private String sex; //性别
private String area; // 地区
<span class="token comment">// 构造方法</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token function">Person</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>String name<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> salary<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> age<span class="token punctuation">,</span>String sex<span class="token punctuation">,</span>String area<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>name <span class="token operator">=</span> name<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>salary <span class="token operator">=</span> salary<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>age <span class="token operator">=</span> age<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>sex <span class="token operator">=</span> sex<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>area <span class="token operator">=</span> area<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// 省略了get和set,请自行添加</span>
}
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3.1 遍历/匹配(foreach/find/match)
Stream
也是支持类似集合的遍历和匹配元素的,只是Stream
中的元素是以Optional
类型存在的。Stream
的遍历、匹配非常简单。
// import已省略,请自行添加,后面代码亦是
public class StreamTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(7, 6, 9, 3, 8, 2, 1);
<span class="token comment">// 遍历输出符合条件的元素</span>
list<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">filter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>x <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> x <span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">forEach</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token operator">:</span>println<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 匹配第一个</span>
Optional<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>Integer<span class="token punctuation">></span></span> findFirst <span class="token operator">=</span> list<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">filter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>x <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> x <span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findFirst</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 匹配任意(适用于并行流)</span>
Optional<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>Integer<span class="token punctuation">></span></span> findAny <span class="token operator">=</span> list<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">parallelStream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">filter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>x <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> x <span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findAny</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 是否包含符合特定条件的元素</span>
<span class="token keyword">boolean</span> anyMatch <span class="token operator">=</span> list<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">anyMatch</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>x <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> x <span class="token operator"><</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"匹配第一个值:"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> findFirst<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"匹配任意一个值:"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> findAny<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"是否存在大于6的值:"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> anyMatch<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
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3.2 筛选(filter)
筛选,是按照一定的规则校验流中的元素,将符合条件的元素提取到新的流中的操作。
案例一:筛选出Integer
集合中大于7的元素,并打印出来
public class StreamTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(6, 7, 3, 8, 1, 2, 9);
Stream<Integer> stream = list.stream();
stream.filter(x -> x > 7).forEach(System.out::println);
}
}
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预期结果:
8 9
案例二: 筛选员工中工资高于8000的人,并形成新的集合。 形成新集合依赖collect
(收集),后文有详细介绍。
public class StreamTest { public static void main(String[] args) { List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>(); personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900, 23, "male", "New York")); personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000, 25, "male", "Washington")); personList.add(new Person("Lily", 7800, 21, "female", "Washington")); personList.add(new Person("Anni", 8200, 24, "female", "New York")); personList.add(new Person("Owen", 9500, 25, "male", "New York")); personList.add(new Person("Alisa", 7900, 26, "female", "New York"));
List<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>String<span class="token punctuation">></span></span> fiterList <span class="token operator">=</span> personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">filter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>x <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> x<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getSalary</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token number">8000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Person<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token operator">:</span>getName<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">collect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Collectors<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toList</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"高于8000的员工姓名:"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> fiterList<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
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运行结果:
高于8000的员工姓名:[Tom, Anni, Owen]
3.3 聚合(max/min/count)
max
、min
、count
这些字眼你一定不陌生,没错,在mysql中我们常用它们进行数据统计。Java stream中也引入了这些概念和用法,极大地方便了我们对集合、数组的数据统计工作。
案例一:获取String
集合中最长的元素。
public class StreamTest { public static void main(String[] args) { List<String> list = Arrays.asList("adnm", "admmt", "pot", "xbangd", "weoujgsd");
Optional<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>String<span class="token punctuation">></span></span> max <span class="token operator">=</span> list<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">max</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Comparator<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">comparing</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>String<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token operator">:</span>length<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"最长的字符串:"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> max<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
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输出结果:
最长的字符串:weoujgsd
案例二:获取Integer
集合中的最大值。
public class StreamTest { public static void main(String[] args) { List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(7, 6, 9, 4, 11, 6);
<span class="token comment">// 自然排序</span> Optional<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>Integer<span class="token punctuation">></span></span> max <span class="token operator">=</span> list<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">max</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Integer<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token operator">:</span>compareTo<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 自定义排序</span> Optional<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>Integer<span class="token punctuation">></span></span> max2 <span class="token operator">=</span> list<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">max</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Comparator</span><span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>Integer<span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> <span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">compare</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Integer o1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Integer o2<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> o1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">compareTo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>o2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"自然排序的最大值:"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> max<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"自定义排序的最大值:"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> max2<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
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输出结果:
自然排序的最大值:11
自定义排序的最大值:11
案例三:获取员工工资最高的人。
public class StreamTest { public static void main(String[] args) { List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>(); personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900, 23, "male", "New York")); personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000, 25, "male", "Washington")); personList.add(new Person("Lily", 7800, 21, "female", "Washington")); personList.add(new Person("Anni", 8200, 24, "female", "New York")); personList.add(new Person("Owen", 9500, 25, "male", "New York")); personList.add(new Person("Alisa", 7900, 26, "female", "New York"));
Optional<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>Person<span class="token punctuation">></span></span> max <span class="token operator">=</span> personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">max</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Comparator<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">comparingInt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Person<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token operator">:</span>getSalary<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"员工工资最大值:"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> max<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getSalary</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
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输出结果:
员工工资最大值:9500
案例四:计算Integer
集合中大于6的元素的个数。
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
public class StreamTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(7, 6, 4, 8, 2, 11, 9);
<span class="token keyword">long</span> count <span class="token operator">=</span> list<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">filter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>x <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> x <span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">count</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"list中大于6的元素个数:"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> count<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
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输出结果:
list中大于6的元素个数:4
3.4 映射(map/flatMap)
映射,可以将一个流的元素按照一定的映射规则映射到另一个流中。分为map
和flatMap
:
map
:接收一个函数作为参数,该函数会被应用到每个元素上,并将其映射成一个新的元素。flatMap
:接收一个函数作为参数,将流中的每个值都换成另一个流,然后把所有流连接成一个流。
案例一:英文字符串数组的元素全部改为大写。整数数组每个元素+3。
public class StreamTest { public static void main(String[] args) { String[] strArr = { "abcd", "bcdd", "defde", "fTr" }; List<String> strList = Arrays.stream(strArr).map(String::toUpperCase).collect(Collectors.toList());
List<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>Integer<span class="token punctuation">></span></span> intList <span class="token operator">=</span> Arrays<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">asList</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">7</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">11</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> List<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>Integer<span class="token punctuation">></span></span> intListNew <span class="token operator">=</span> intList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>x <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> x <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">collect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Collectors<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toList</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"每个元素大写:"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> strList<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"每个元素+3:"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> intListNew<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
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输出结果:
每个元素大写:[ABCD, BCDD, DEFDE, FTR]
每个元素+3:[4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14]
案例二:将员工的薪资全部增加1000。
public class StreamTest { public static void main(String[] args) { List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>(); personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900, 23, "male", "New York")); personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000, 25, "male", "Washington")); personList.add(new Person("Lily", 7800, 21, "female", "Washington")); personList.add(new Person("Anni", 8200, 24, "female", "New York")); personList.add(new Person("Owen", 9500, 25, "male", "New York")); personList.add(new Person("Alisa", 7900, 26, "female", "New York"));
<span class="token comment">// 不改变原来员工集合的方式</span> List<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>Person<span class="token punctuation">></span></span> personListNew <span class="token operator">=</span> personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>person <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> Person personNew <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Person</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>person<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> null<span class="token punctuation">,</span> null<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> personNew<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setSalary</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>person<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getSalary</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">10000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> personNew<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">collect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Collectors<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toList</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"一次改动前:"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">"-->"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getSalary</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"一次改动后:"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> personListNew<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">"-->"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> personListNew<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getSalary</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 改变原来员工集合的方式</span> List<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>Person<span class="token punctuation">></span></span> personListNew2 <span class="token operator">=</span> personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>person <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> person<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setSalary</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>person<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getSalary</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">10000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> person<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">collect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Collectors<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toList</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"二次改动前:"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">"-->"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> personListNew<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getSalary</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"二次改动后:"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> personListNew2<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">"-->"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> personListNew<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getSalary</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
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输出结果:
一次改动前:Tom–>8900
一次改动后:Tom–>18900
二次改动前:Tom–>18900
二次改动后:Tom–>18900
案例三:将两个字符数组合并成一个新的字符数组。
public class StreamTest { public static void main(String[] args) { List<String> list = Arrays.asList("m,k,l,a", "1,3,5,7"); List<String> listNew = list.stream().flatMap(s -> { // 将每个元素转换成一个stream String[] split = s.split(","); Stream<String> s2 = Arrays.stream(split); return s2; }).collect(Collectors.toList());
System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"处理前的集合:"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> list<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"处理后的集合:"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> listNew<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
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输出结果:
处理前的集合:[m-k-l-a, 1-3-5]
处理后的集合:[m, k, l, a, 1, 3, 5]
3.5 归约(reduce)
归约,也称缩减,顾名思义,是把一个流缩减成一个值,能实现对集合求和、求乘积和求最值操作。
案例一:求Integer
集合的元素之和、乘积和最大值。
public class StreamTest { public static void main(String[] args) { List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(1, 3, 2, 8, 11, 4); // 求和方式1 Optional<Integer> sum = list.stream().reduce((x, y) -> x + y); // 求和方式2 Optional<Integer> sum2 = list.stream().reduce(Integer::sum); // 求和方式3 Integer sum3 = list.stream().reduce(0, Integer::sum);
<span class="token comment">// 求乘积</span> Optional<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>Integer<span class="token punctuation">></span></span> product <span class="token operator">=</span> list<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">reduce</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>x<span class="token punctuation">,</span> y<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> x <span class="token operator">*</span> y<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 求最大值方式1</span> Optional<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>Integer<span class="token punctuation">></span></span> max <span class="token operator">=</span> list<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">reduce</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>x<span class="token punctuation">,</span> y<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> x <span class="token operator">></span> y <span class="token operator">?</span> x <span class="token operator">:</span> y<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 求最大值写法2</span> Integer max2 <span class="token operator">=</span> list<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">reduce</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Integer<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token operator">:</span>max<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"list求和:"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> sum<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">","</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> sum2<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">","</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> sum3<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"list求积:"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> product<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"list求和:"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> max<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">","</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> max2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
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输出结果:
list求和:29,29,29
list求积:2112
list求和:11,11
案例二:求所有员工的工资之和和最高工资。
public class StreamTest { public static void main(String[] args) { List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>(); personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900, 23, "male", "New York")); personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000, 25, "male", "Washington")); personList.add(new Person("Lily", 7800, 21, "female", "Washington")); personList.add(new Person("Anni", 8200, 24, "female", "New York")); personList.add(new Person("Owen", 9500, 25, "male", "New York")); personList.add(new Person("Alisa", 7900, 26, "female", "New York"));
<span class="token comment">// 求工资之和方式1:</span> Optional<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>Integer<span class="token punctuation">></span></span> sumSalary <span class="token operator">=</span> personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Person<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token operator">:</span>getSalary<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">reduce</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Integer<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token operator">:</span>sum<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 求工资之和方式2:</span> Integer sumSalary2 <span class="token operator">=</span> personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">reduce</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>sum<span class="token punctuation">,</span> p<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> sum <span class="token operator">+=</span> p<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getSalary</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>sum1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sum2<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> sum1 <span class="token operator">+</span> sum2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 求工资之和方式3:</span> Integer sumSalary3 <span class="token operator">=</span> personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">reduce</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>sum<span class="token punctuation">,</span> p<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> sum <span class="token operator">+=</span> p<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getSalary</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Integer<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token operator">:</span>sum<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 求最高工资方式1:</span> Integer maxSalary <span class="token operator">=</span> personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">reduce</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>max<span class="token punctuation">,</span> p<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> max <span class="token operator">></span> p<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getSalary</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">?</span> max <span class="token operator">:</span> p<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getSalary</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Integer<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token operator">:</span>max<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 求最高工资方式2:</span> Integer maxSalary2 <span class="token operator">=</span> personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">reduce</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>max<span class="token punctuation">,</span> p<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> max <span class="token operator">></span> p<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getSalary</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">?</span> max <span class="token operator">:</span> p<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getSalary</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>max1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> max2<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> max1 <span class="token operator">></span> max2 <span class="token operator">?</span> max1 <span class="token operator">:</span> max2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"工资之和:"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> sumSalary<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">","</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> sumSalary2 <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">","</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> sumSalary3<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"最高工资:"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> maxSalary <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">","</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> maxSalary2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
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输出结果:
工资之和:49300,49300,49300
最高工资:9500,9500
3.6 收集(collect)
collect
,收集,可以说是内容最繁多、功能最丰富的部分了。从字面上去理解,就是把一个流收集起来,最终可以是收集成一个值也可以收集成一个新的集合。
collect
主要依赖java.util.stream.Collectors
类内置的静态方法。
3.6.1 归集(toList/toSet/toMap)
因为流不存储数据,那么在流中的数据完成处理后,需要将流中的数据重新归集到新的集合里。toList
、toSet
和toMap
比较常用,另外还有toCollection
、toConcurrentMap
等复杂一些的用法。
下面用一个案例演示toList
、toSet
和toMap
:
public class StreamTest { public static void main(String[] args) { List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(1, 6, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 6, 20); List<Integer> listNew = list.stream().filter(x -> x % 2 == 0).collect(Collectors.toList()); Set<Integer> set = list.stream().filter(x -> x % 2 == 0).collect(Collectors.toSet());
List<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>Person<span class="token punctuation">></span></span> personList <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">ArrayList</span><span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>Person<span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Person</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Tom"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">8900</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">23</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"male"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"New York"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Person</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Jack"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">7000</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">25</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"male"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"Washington"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Person</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Lily"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">7800</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">21</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"female"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"Washington"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Person</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Anni"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">8200</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">24</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"female"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"New York"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> Map<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Person<span class="token operator">></span> map <span class="token operator">=</span> personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">filter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>p <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> p<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getSalary</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token number">8000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">collect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Collectors<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toMap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Person<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token operator">:</span>getName<span class="token punctuation">,</span> p <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> p<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"toList:"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> listNew<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"toSet:"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> set<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"toMap:"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> map<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
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运行结果:
toList:[6, 4, 6, 6, 20]
toSet:[4, 20, 6]
toMap:{Tom=mutest.Person@5fd0d5ae, Anni=mutest.Person@2d98a335}
3.6.2 统计(count/averaging)
Collectors
提供了一系列用于数据统计的静态方法:
- 计数:
count
- 平均值:
averagingInt
、averagingLong
、averagingDouble
- 最值:
maxBy
、minBy
- 求和:
summingInt
、summingLong
、summingDouble
- 统计以上所有:
summarizingInt
、summarizingLong
、summarizingDouble
案例:统计员工人数、平均工资、工资总额、最高工资。
public class StreamTest { public static void main(String[] args) { List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>(); personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900, 23, "male", "New York")); personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000, 25, "male", "Washington")); personList.add(new Person("Lily", 7800, 21, "female", "Washington"));
<span class="token comment">// 求总数</span> Long count <span class="token operator">=</span> personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">collect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Collectors<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">counting</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 求平均工资</span> Double average <span class="token operator">=</span> personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">collect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Collectors<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">averagingDouble</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Person<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token operator">:</span>getSalary<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 求最高工资</span> Optional<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>Integer<span class="token punctuation">></span></span> max <span class="token operator">=</span> personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Person<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token operator">:</span>getSalary<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">collect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Collectors<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">maxBy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Integer<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token operator">:</span>compare<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 求工资之和</span> Integer sum <span class="token operator">=</span> personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">collect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Collectors<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">summingInt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Person<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token operator">:</span>getSalary<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 一次性统计所有信息</span> DoubleSummaryStatistics collect <span class="token operator">=</span> personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">collect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Collectors<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">summarizingDouble</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Person<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token operator">:</span>getSalary<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"员工总数:"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> count<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"员工平均工资:"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> average<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"员工工资总和:"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> sum<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"员工工资所有统计:"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> collect<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
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运行结果:
员工总数:3
员工平均工资:7900.0
员工工资总和:23700
员工工资所有统计:DoubleSummaryStatistics{count=3, sum=23700.000000,min=7000.000000, average=7900.000000, max=8900.000000}
3.6.3 分组(partitioningBy/groupingBy)
- 分区:将
stream
按条件分为两个Map
,比如员工按薪资是否高于8000分为两部分。 - 分组:将集合分为多个Map,比如员工按性别分组。有单级分组和多级分组。
案例:将员工按薪资是否高于8000分为两部分;将员工按性别和地区分组
public class StreamTest { public static void main(String[] args) { List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>(); personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900, "male", "New York")); personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000, "male", "Washington")); personList.add(new Person("Lily", 7800, "female", "Washington")); personList.add(new Person("Anni", 8200, "female", "New York")); personList.add(new Person("Owen", 9500, "male", "New York")); personList.add(new Person("Alisa", 7900, "female", "New York"));
<span class="token comment">// 将员工按薪资是否高于8000分组</span> Map<span class="token operator"><</span>Boolean<span class="token punctuation">,</span> List<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>Person<span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token operator">></span> part <span class="token operator">=</span> personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">collect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Collectors<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">partitioningBy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>x <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> x<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getSalary</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token number">8000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 将员工按性别分组</span> Map<span class="token operator"><</span>String<span class="token punctuation">,</span> List<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>Person<span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token operator">></span> group <span class="token operator">=</span> personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">collect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Collectors<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">groupingBy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Person<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token operator">:</span>getSex<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 将员工先按性别分组,再按地区分组</span> Map<span class="token operator"><</span>String<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Map<span class="token operator"><</span>String<span class="token punctuation">,</span> List<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>Person<span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token operator">>></span> group2 <span class="token operator">=</span> personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">collect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Collectors<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">groupingBy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Person<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token operator">:</span>getSex<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Collectors<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">groupingBy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Person<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token operator">:</span>getArea<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"员工按薪资是否大于8000分组情况:"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> part<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"员工按性别分组情况:"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> group<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"员工按性别、地区:"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> group2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
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输出结果:
员工按薪资是否大于8000分组情况:{false=[mutest.Person@2d98a335, mutest.Person@16b98e56, mutest.Person@7ef20235], true=[mutest.Person@27d6c5e0, mutest.Person@4f3f5b24, mutest.Person@15aeb7ab]}
员工按性别分组情况:{female=[mutest.Person@16b98e56, mutest.Person@4f3f5b24, mutest.Person@7ef20235], male=[mutest.Person@27d6c5e0, mutest.Person@2d98a335, mutest.Person@15aeb7ab]}
员工按性别、地区:{female={New York=[mutest.Person@4f3f5b24, mutest.Person@7ef20235], Washington=[mutest.Person@16b98e56]}, male={New York=[mutest.Person@27d6c5e0, mutest.Person@15aeb7ab], Washington=[mutest.Person@2d98a335]}}
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3.6.4 接合(joining)
joining
可以将stream中的元素用特定的连接符(没有的话,则直接连接)连接成一个字符串。
public class StreamTest { public static void main(String[] args) { List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>(); personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900, 23, "male", "New York")); personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000, 25, "male", "Washington")); personList.add(new Person("Lily", 7800, 21, "female", "Washington"));
String names <span class="token operator">=</span> personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>p <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> p<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">collect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Collectors<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">joining</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">","</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"所有员工的姓名:"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> names<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> List<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>String<span class="token punctuation">></span></span> list <span class="token operator">=</span> Arrays<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">asList</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"A"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"B"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"C"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> String string <span class="token operator">=</span> list<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">collect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Collectors<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">joining</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"-"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"拼接后的字符串:"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> string<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
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运行结果:
所有员工的姓名:Tom,Jack,Lily
拼接后的字符串:A-B-C
3.6.5 归约(reducing)
Collectors
类提供的reducing
方法,相比于stream
本身的reduce
方法,增加了对自定义归约的支持。
public class StreamTest { public static void main(String[] args) { List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>(); personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900, 23, "male", "New York")); personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000, 25, "male", "Washington")); personList.add(new Person("Lily", 7800, 21, "female", "Washington"));
<span class="token comment">// 每个员工减去起征点后的薪资之和(这个例子并不严谨,但一时没想到好的例子)</span> Integer sum <span class="token operator">=</span> personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">collect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Collectors<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">reducing</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Person<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token operator">:</span>getSalary<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>i<span class="token punctuation">,</span> j<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>i <span class="token operator">+</span> j <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token number">5000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"员工扣税薪资总和:"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> sum<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// stream的reduce</span> Optional<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>Integer<span class="token punctuation">></span></span> sum2 <span class="token operator">=</span> personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Person<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token operator">:</span>getSalary<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">reduce</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Integer<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token operator">:</span>sum<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"员工薪资总和:"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> sum2<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
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运行结果:
员工扣税薪资总和:8700
员工薪资总和:23700
3.7 排序(sorted)
sorted,中间操作。有两种排序:
- sorted():自然排序,流中元素需实现Comparable接口
- sorted(Comparator com):Comparator排序器自定义排序
案例:将员工按工资由高到低(工资一样则按年龄由大到小)排序
public class StreamTest { public static void main(String[] args) { List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>();
personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Person</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Sherry"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">9000</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">24</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"female"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"New York"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Person</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Tom"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">8900</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">22</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"male"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"Washington"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Person</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Jack"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">9000</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">25</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"male"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"Washington"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Person</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Lily"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">8800</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">26</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"male"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"New York"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Person</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Alisa"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">9000</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">26</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"female"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"New York"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 按工资升序排序(自然排序)</span> List<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>String<span class="token punctuation">></span></span> newList <span class="token operator">=</span> personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sorted</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Comparator<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">comparing</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Person<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token operator">:</span>getSalary<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Person<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token operator">:</span>getName<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">collect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Collectors<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toList</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 按工资倒序排序</span> List<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>String<span class="token punctuation">></span></span> newList2 <span class="token operator">=</span> personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sorted</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Comparator<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">comparing</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Person<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token operator">:</span>getSalary<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">reversed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Person<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token operator">:</span>getName<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">collect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Collectors<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toList</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 先按工资再按年龄升序排序</span> List<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>String<span class="token punctuation">></span></span> newList3 <span class="token operator">=</span> personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sorted</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Comparator<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">comparing</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Person<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token operator">:</span>getSalary<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">thenComparing</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Person<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token operator">:</span>getAge<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Person<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token operator">:</span>getName<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">collect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Collectors<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toList</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 先按工资再按年龄自定义排序(降序)</span> List<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>String<span class="token punctuation">></span></span> newList4 <span class="token operator">=</span> personList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">stream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sorted</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>p1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> p2<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>p1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getSalary</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> p2<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getSalary</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> p2<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAge</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> p1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAge</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> p2<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getSalary</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> p1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getSalary</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Person<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token operator">:</span>getName<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">collect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Collectors<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toList</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"按工资升序排序:"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> newList<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"按工资降序排序:"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> newList2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"先按工资再按年龄升序排序:"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> newList3<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"先按工资再按年龄自定义降序排序:"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> newList4<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
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运行结果:
按工资升序排序:[Lily, Tom, Sherry, Jack, Alisa]
按工资降序排序:[Sherry, Jack, Alisa, Tom, Lily]
先按工资再按年龄升序排序:[Lily, Tom, Sherry, Jack, Alisa]
先按工资再按年龄自定义降序排序:[Alisa, Jack, Sherry, Tom, Lily]
3.8 提取/组合
流也可以进行合并、去重、限制、跳过等操作。
public class StreamTest { public static void main(String[] args) { String[] arr1 = { "a", "b", "c", "d" }; String[] arr2 = { "d", "e", "f", "g" };
Stream<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>String<span class="token punctuation">></span></span> stream1 <span class="token operator">=</span> Stream<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> Stream<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>String<span class="token punctuation">></span></span> stream2 <span class="token operator">=</span> Stream<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">of</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// concat:合并两个流 distinct:去重</span> List<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>String<span class="token punctuation">></span></span> newList <span class="token operator">=</span> Stream<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">concat</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>stream1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> stream2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">distinct</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">collect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Collectors<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toList</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// limit:限制从流中获得前n个数据</span> List<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>Integer<span class="token punctuation">></span></span> collect <span class="token operator">=</span> Stream<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iterate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> x <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> x <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">limit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">collect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Collectors<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toList</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// skip:跳过前n个数据</span> List<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>Integer<span class="token punctuation">></span></span> collect2 <span class="token operator">=</span> Stream<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">iterate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> x <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> x <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">skip</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">limit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">collect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Collectors<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toList</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"流合并:"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> newList<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"limit:"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> collect<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"skip:"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> collect2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
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运行结果:
流合并:[a, b, c, d, e, f, g]
limit:[1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19]
skip:[3, 5, 7, 9, 11]
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