SQL Server存储过程的创建及使用

一、基础查询

1、创建不带参数的存储过程

例子：查询学生总数

--查询存储过程

IF OBJECT_ID (N'PROC_SELECT_STUDENTS_COUNT', N'P') IS NOT NULL
    DROP procedure PROC_SELECT_STUDENTS_COUNT;
GO
CREATE procedure PROC_SELECT_STUDENTS_COUNT
AS 
    SELECT COUNT(ID) FROM Students
GO

EXEC PROC_SELECT_STUDENTS_COUNT

2、带参数的存储过程

--查询存储过程，根据城市查询总数

IF OBJECT_ID (N'PROC_SELECT_STUDENTS_BY_CITY_COUNT', N'P') IS NOT NULL
    DROP procedure PROC_SELECT_STUDENTS_BY_CITY_COUNT;
GO
CREATE procedure PROC_SELECT_STUDENTS_BY_CITY_COUNT(@city nvarchar(50))
AS
    SELECT COUNT(ID) FROM Students WHERE City=@city
GO

--执行存储过程

EXEC PROC_SELECT_STUDENTS_BY_CITY_COUNT N'Beijing'

3、带有通配符

通配符，在参数值赋值时，加上相应的通配符

--3、查询姓氏为李的学生信息，含通配符
IF OBJECT_ID (N'PROC_SELECT_STUDENTS_BY_SURNNAME', N'P') IS NOT NULL
    DROP procedure PROC_SELECT_STUDENTS_BY_SURNNAME;
GO
CREATE procedure PROC_SELECT_STUDENTS_BY_SURNNAME
    @surnName nvarchar(20)='李%' --默认值
AS 
    SELECT ID,Name,Age FROM Students WHERE Name like @surnName
GO

EXEC PROC_SELECT_STUDENTS_BY_SURNNAME
EXEC PROC_SELECT_STUDENTS_BY_SURNNAME N'李%'
EXEC PROC_SELECT_STUDENTS_BY_SURNNAME N'%李%'

4、带有输出参数

--根据姓名查询的学生信息，返回学生的城市及年龄
IF OBJECT_ID (N'PROC_SELECT_STUDENTS_BY_NAME', N'P') IS NOT NULL
    DROP procedure PROC_SELECT_STUDENTS_BY_NAME;
GO
CREATE procedure PROC_SELECT_STUDENTS_BY_NAME
    @name nvarchar(50),     --输入参数
    @city nvarchar(20) out, --输出参数
    @age  int output        --输入输出参数
AS 
    SELECT @city=City,@age=Age FROM Students WHERE Name=@name AND Age=@age
GO

--执行
declare @name nvarchar(50),
        @city nvarchar(20),
        @age int;
set @name = N'李明';
set @age = 20;
exec PROC_SELECT_STUDENTS_BY_NAME @name,@city out, @age output;
select @city, @age;

新增学生信息 

--1、存储过程：新增学生信息
IF OBJECT_ID (N'PROC_INSERT_STUDENT', N'P') IS NOT NULL
    DROP procedure PROC_INSERT_STUDENT;
GO
CREATE procedure PROC_INSERT_STUDENT
    @id int,
    @name nvarchar(20),
    @age int,
    @city nvarchar(20)
AS 
    INSERT INTO Students(ID,Name,Age,City) VALUES(@id,@name,@age,@city)
GO

EXEC PROC_INSERT_STUDENT 1001,N'张三',19,'ShangHai'

根据学生ID，更新学生信息 

IF OBJECT_ID (N'PROC_UPDATE_STUDENT', N'P') IS NOT NULL
    DROP procedure PROC_UPDATE_STUDENT;
GO
CREATE procedure PROC_UPDATE_STUDENT
    @id int,
    @name nvarchar(20),
    @age int,
    @city nvarchar(20)
AS 
    UPDATE Students SET Name=@name,Age=@age,City=@city WHERE ID=@id
GO

EXEC PROC_UPDATE_STUDENT 1001,N'张思',20,'ShangHai'

根据ID，删除某学生记录

IF OBJECT_ID (N'PROC_DELETE_STUDENT_BY_ID', N'P') IS NOT NULL
    DROP procedure PROC_DELETE_STUDENT_BY_ID;
GO
CREATE procedure PROC_DELETE_STUDENT_BY_ID
    @id int
AS 
    DELETE FROM  Students WHERE ID=@id
GO

EXEC PROC_DELETE_STUDENT_BY_ID 1001