一、一对一关联
1.1、提出需求
根据班级id查询班级信息(带老师的信息)
1.2、创建表和数据
创建一张教师表和班级表,这里我们假设一个老师只负责教一个班,那么老师和班级之间的关系就是一种一对一的关系。
CREATE TABLE teacher(
t_id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
t_name VARCHAR(20)
);
CREATE TABLE class(
c_id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
c_name VARCHAR(20),
teacher_id INT
);
ALTER TABLE class ADD CONSTRAINT fk_teacher_id FOREIGN KEY (teacher_id) REFERENCES teacher(t_id);
INSERT INTO teacher(t_name) VALUES('teacher1');
INSERT INTO teacher(t_name) VALUES('teacher2');
INSERT INTO class(c_name, teacher_id) VALUES('class_a', 1);
INSERT INTO class(c_name, teacher_id) VALUES('class_b', 2);
表之间的关系如下:
1.3、定义实体类
1、Teacher类,Teacher类是teacher表对应的实体类。
package me.gacl.domain;
/**
* @author gacl
* 定义teacher表对应的实体类
*/
public class Teacher {
//定义实体类的属性,与teacher表中的字段对应
private int id; //id===>t_id
private String name; //name===>t_name
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Teacher [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + "]";
}
}
2、Classes类,Classes类是class表对应的实体类
package me.gacl.domain;
/**
* @author gacl
* 定义class表对应的实体类
*/
public class Classes {
//定义实体类的属性,与class表中的字段对应
private int id; //id===>c_id
private String name; //name===>c_name
/**
* class表中有一个teacher_id字段,所以在Classes类中定义一个teacher属性,
* 用于维护teacher和class之间的一对一关系,通过这个teacher属性就可以知道这个班级是由哪个老师负责的
*/
private Teacher teacher;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Teacher getTeacher() {
return teacher;
}
public void setTeacher(Teacher teacher) {
this.teacher = teacher;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Classes [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", teacher=" + teacher+ "]";
}
}
1.4、定义sql映射文件classMapper.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!-- 为这个mapper指定一个唯一的namespace,namespace的值习惯上设置成包名+sql映射文件名,这样就能够保证namespace的值是唯一的
例如namespace="me.gacl.mapping.classMapper"就是me.gacl.mapping(包名)+classMapper(classMapper.xml文件去除后缀)
-->
<mapper namespace="me.gacl.mapping.classMapper">
<!--
根据班级id查询班级信息(带老师的信息)
##1. 联表查询
SELECT * FROM class c,teacher t WHERE c.teacher_id=t.t_id AND c.c_id=1;
##2. 执行两次查询
SELECT * FROM class WHERE c_id=1; //teacher_id=1
SELECT * FROM teacher WHERE t_id=1;//使用上面得到的teacher_id
-->
<!--
方式一:嵌套结果:使用嵌套结果映射来处理重复的联合结果的子集
封装联表查询的数据(去除重复的数据)
select * from class c, teacher t where c.teacher_id=t.t_id and c.c_id=1
-->
<select id="getClass" parameterType="int" resultMap="ClassResultMap">
select * from class c, teacher t where c.teacher_id=t.t_id and c.c_id=#{id}
</select>
<!-- 使用resultMap映射实体类和字段之间的一一对应关系 -->
<resultMap type="me.gacl.domain.Classes" id="ClassResultMap">
<id property="id" column="c_id"/>
<result property="name" column="c_name"/>
<association property="teacher" javaType="me.gacl.domain.Teacher">
<id property="id" column="t_id"/>
<result property="name" column="t_name"/>
</association>
</resultMap>
<!--
方式二:嵌套查询:通过执行另外一个SQL映射语句来返回预期的复杂类型
SELECT * FROM class WHERE c_id=1;
SELECT * FROM teacher WHERE t_id=1 //1 是上一个查询得到的teacher_id的值
-->
<select id="getClass2" parameterType="int" resultMap="ClassResultMap2">
select * from class where c_id=#{id}
</select>
<!-- 使用resultMap映射实体类和字段之间的一一对应关系 -->
<resultMap type="me.gacl.domain.Classes" id="ClassResultMap2">
<id property="id" column="c_id"/>
<result property="name" column="c_name"/>
<association property="teacher" column="teacher_id" select="getTeacher"/>
</resultMap>
<select id="getTeacher" parameterType="int" resultType="me.gacl.domain.Teacher">
SELECT t_id id, t_name name FROM teacher WHERE t_id=#{id}
</select>
</mapper>
在conf.xml文件中注册classMapper.xml
<mappers>
<!-- 注册classMapper.xml文件,
classMapper.xml位于me.gacl.mapping这个包下,所以resource写成me/gacl/mapping/classMapper.xml-->
<mapper resource="me/gacl/mapping/classMapper.xml"/>
</mappers>
1.5、编写单元测试代码
package me.gacl.test;
import me.gacl.domain.Classes;
import me.gacl.util.MyBatisUtil;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.junit.Test;
public class Test3 {
@Test
public void testGetClass(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MyBatisUtil.getSqlSession();
/**
* 映射sql的标识字符串,
* me.gacl.mapping.classMapper是classMapper.xml文件中mapper标签的namespace属性的值,
* getClass是select标签的id属性值,通过select标签的id属性值就可以找到要执行的SQL
*/
String statement = "me.gacl.mapping.classMapper.getClass";//映射sql的标识字符串
//执行查询操作,将查询结果自动封装成Classes对象返回
Classes clazz = sqlSession.selectOne(statement,1);//查询class表中id为1的记录
//使用SqlSession执行完SQL之后需要关闭SqlSession
sqlSession.close();
System.out.println(clazz);//打印结果:Classes [id=1, name=class_a, teacher=Teacher [id=1, name=teacher1]]
}
@Test
public void testGetClass2(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MyBatisUtil.getSqlSession();
/**
* 映射sql的标识字符串,
* me.gacl.mapping.classMapper是classMapper.xml文件中mapper标签的namespace属性的值,
* getClass2是select标签的id属性值,通过select标签的id属性值就可以找到要执行的SQL
*/
String statement = "me.gacl.mapping.classMapper.getClass2";//映射sql的标识字符串
//执行查询操作,将查询结果自动封装成Classes对象返回
Classes clazz = sqlSession.selectOne(statement,1);//查询class表中id为1的记录
//使用SqlSession执行完SQL之后需要关闭SqlSession
sqlSession.close();
System.out.println(clazz);//打印结果:Classes [id=1, name=class_a, teacher=Teacher [id=1, name=teacher1]]
}
}
1.6、MyBatis一对一关联查询总结
MyBatis中使用association标签来解决一对一的关联查询,association标签可用的属性如下:
- property:对象属性的名称
- javaType:对象属性的类型
- column:所对应的外键字段名称
- select:使用另一个查询封装的结果
CREATE TABLE student(
s_id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
s_name VARCHAR(20),
class_id INT
);
INSERT INTO student(s_name, class_id) VALUES('student_A', 1);
INSERT INTO student(s_name, class_id) VALUES('student_B', 1);
INSERT INTO student(s_name, class_id) VALUES('student_C', 1);
INSERT INTO student(s_name, class_id) VALUES('student_D', 2);
INSERT INTO student(s_name, class_id) VALUES('student_E', 2);
INSERT INTO student(s_name, class_id) VALUES('student_F', 2);
2.3、定义实体类
1、Student类
package me.gacl.domain;
/**
* @author gacl
* 定义student表所对应的实体类
*/
public class Student {
//定义属性,和student表中的字段对应
private int id; //id===>s_id
private String name; //name===>s_name
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + "]";
}
}
2、修改Classes类,添加一个List<Student> students属性,使用一个List<Student>集合属性表示班级拥有的学生,如下:
package me.gacl.domain;
import java.util.List;
/**
* @author gacl
* 定义class表对应的实体类
*/
public class Classes {
//定义实体类的属性,与class表中的字段对应
private int id; //id===>c_id
private String name; //name===>c_name
/**
* class表中有一个teacher_id字段,所以在Classes类中定义一个teacher属性,
* 用于维护teacher和class之间的一对一关系,通过这个teacher属性就可以知道这个班级是由哪个老师负责的
*/
private Teacher teacher;
//使用一个List<Student>集合属性表示班级拥有的学生
private List<Student> students;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Teacher getTeacher() {
return teacher;
}
public void setTeacher(Teacher teacher) {
this.teacher = teacher;
}
public List<Student> getStudents() {
return students;
}
public void setStudents(List<Student> students) {
this.students = students;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Classes [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", teacher=" + teacher
+ ", students=" + students + "]";
}
}
2.4、修改sql映射文件classMapper.xml
添加如下的SQL映射信息
<!--
根据classId查询对应的班级信息,包括学生,老师
-->
<!--
方式一: 嵌套结果: 使用嵌套结果映射来处理重复的联合结果的子集
SELECT * FROM class c, teacher t,student s WHERE c.teacher_id=t.t_id AND c.C_id=s.class_id AND c.c_id=1
-->
<select id="getClass3" parameterType="int" resultMap="ClassResultMap3">
select * from class c, teacher t,student s where c.teacher_id=t.t_id and c.C_id=s.class_id and c.c_id=#{id}
</select>
<resultMap type="me.gacl.domain.Classes" id="ClassResultMap3">
<id property="id" column="c_id"/>
<result property="name" column="c_name"/>
<association property="teacher" column="teacher_id" javaType="me.gacl.domain.Teacher">
<id property="id" column="t_id"/>
<result property="name" column="t_name"/>
</association>
<!-- ofType指定students集合中的对象类型 -->
<collection property="students" ofType="me.gacl.domain.Student">
<id property="id" column="s_id"/>
<result property="name" column="s_name"/>
</collection>
</resultMap>
<!--
方式二:嵌套查询:通过执行另外一个SQL映射语句来返回预期的复杂类型
SELECT * FROM class WHERE c_id=1;
SELECT * FROM teacher WHERE t_id=1 //1 是上一个查询得到的teacher_id的值
SELECT * FROM student WHERE class_id=1 //1是第一个查询得到的c_id字段的值
-->
<select id="getClass4" parameterType="int" resultMap="ClassResultMap4">
select * from class where c_id=#{id}
</select>
<resultMap type="me.gacl.domain.Classes" id="ClassResultMap4">
<id property="id" column="c_id"/>
<result property="name" column="c_name"/>
<association property="teacher" column="teacher_id" javaType="me.gacl.domain.Teacher" select="getTeacher2"></association>
<collection property="students" ofType="me.gacl.domain.Student" column="c_id" select="getStudent"></collection>
</resultMap>
<select id="getTeacher2" parameterType="int" resultType="me.gacl.domain.Teacher">
SELECT t_id id, t_name name FROM teacher WHERE t_id=#{id}
</select>
<select id="getStudent" parameterType="int" resultType="me.gacl.domain.Student">
SELECT s_id id, s_name name FROM student WHERE class_id=#{id}
</select>
2.5、编写单元测试代码
package me.gacl.test;
import me.gacl.domain.Classes;
import me.gacl.util.MyBatisUtil;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.junit.Test;
public class Test4 {
@Test
public void testGetClass3(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MyBatisUtil.getSqlSession();
/**
* 映射sql的标识字符串,
* me.gacl.mapping.classMapper是classMapper.xml文件中mapper标签的namespace属性的值,
* getClass3是select标签的id属性值,通过select标签的id属性值就可以找到要执行的SQL
*/
String statement = "me.gacl.mapping.classMapper.getClass3";//映射sql的标识字符串
//执行查询操作,将查询结果自动封装成Classes对象返回
Classes clazz = sqlSession.selectOne(statement,1);//查询class表中id为1的记录
//使用SqlSession执行完SQL之后需要关闭SqlSession
sqlSession.close();
//打印结果:Classes [id=1, name=class_a, teacher=Teacher [id=1, name=teacher1], students=[Student [id=1, name=student_A], Student [id=2, name=student_B], Student [id=3, name=student_C]]]
System.out.println(clazz);
}
@Test
public void testGetClass4(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MyBatisUtil.getSqlSession();
/**
* 映射sql的标识字符串,
* me.gacl.mapping.classMapper是classMapper.xml文件中mapper标签的namespace属性的值,
* getClass4是select标签的id属性值,通过select标签的id属性值就可以找到要执行的SQL
*/
String statement = "me.gacl.mapping.classMapper.getClass4";//映射sql的标识字符串
//执行查询操作,将查询结果自动封装成Classes对象返回
Classes clazz = sqlSession.selectOne(statement,1);//查询class表中id为1的记录
//使用SqlSession执行完SQL之后需要关闭SqlSession
sqlSession.close();
//打印结果:Classes [id=1, name=class_a, teacher=Teacher [id=1, name=teacher1], students=[Student [id=1, name=student_A], Student [id=2, name=student_B], Student [id=3, name=student_C]]]
System.out.println(clazz);
}
}
2.6、MyBatis一对多关联查询总结
MyBatis中使用collection标签来解决一对多的关联查询,ofType属性指定集合中元素的对象类型。
到此结束
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
下面是多对多的一个简单写法,数据库和实体类仅供参考
四、多对多查询
4.1.需求:查询用户以及用户购买的商品信息
4.2.映射思路
将用户信息映射到 user 中。
在 user 类中添加订单列表属性 List<Orders> orderslist ,将用户创建的订单映射到 orderslist;
在 Orders 中添加订单明细列表属性 List<OrderDetail>orderdetials ,将订单的明细映射到 orderdetials;
在 OrderDetail 中添加 Items 属性,将订单明细所对应的商品映射到 Item;
4.3.OrdersCustomMapper.xml添加如下代码
<!-- 查询用户即购买的商品信息的ResultMap -->
<resultMap type="com.mybatis.entity.User" id="userAndItemsResultMap">
<!-- 用户信息 -->
<id column="user_id" property="id"/>
<result column="username" property="username"/>
<result column="sex" property="sex"/>
<result column="address" property="address"/>
<!-- 订单信息
一个用户对应多个订单,使用collection映射 -->
<collection property="ordersList" ofType="com.mybatis.entity.Orders">
<id column="id" property="id"/>
<result column="user_id" property="userid"/>
<result column="number" property="number"/>
<result column="createtime" property="createTime"/>
<result column="note" property="note"/>
<!-- 订单明细
一个订单包括 多个明细
-->
<collection property="orderdetails" ofType="com.mybatis.entity.OrderDetail">
<id column="orderdetail_id" property="id"/>
<result column="items_id" property="itemsId"/>
<result column="items_num" property="itemsNum"/>
<result column="orders_id" property="ordersId"/>
<!-- 商品信息
一个订单明细对应一个商品
-->
<association property="items" javaType="com.mybatis.entity.Items">
<id column="items_id" property="id"/>
<result column="items_name" property="itemsName"/>
<result column="items_detail" property="detail"/>
<result column="items_price" property="price"/>
</association>
</collection>
</collection>
</resultMap>
<!-- 查询用户及用户购买的商品信息,使用resulaMap-->
<select id="findUserAndItemsResultMap" resultMap="userAndItemsResultMap">
SELECT
t1.*,
t2.username,
t2.sex,
t2.address,
t3.id orderdetail_id,
t3.items_id,
t3.items_num,
t3.orders_id,
t4.itemsname items_name,
t4.detail items_detail,
t4.price items_price
FROM
orders t1,
t_user t2,
orderdetail t3,
items t4
WHERE t1.user_id = t2.id AND t3.orders_id=t1.id AND t3.items_id = t4.id
</select>
4.4. 在OrderCustomMapper.java添加如下方法
/** 查询用户及用户所购买的商品信息 */
public List<User> findUserAndItemsResultMap();
4.5.在Junit测试类中添加测试方法
// 查询用户及用户购买的商品的信息
@Test
public void TestFindUserAndItemsResultMap() {
SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
// 创建代理对象
OrdersCustomMapper oc = sqlSession.getMapper(OrdersCustomMapper.class);
// 调用mapper的方法
List<User> list = oc.findUserAndItemsResultMap();
System.out.println(list);
sqlSession.close();
}