在类中的数据为对象时的时候,为了避免当对象为null时误用它,在利用它之前都应该检查是否为null
在一些情况下,我们可以用空对象去代替
让我们看一下Person和职位的匹配关系
先用内部类去实现
//标记接口
interface Null{}
class Person{
public final String first;
public final String last;
public final String address;
public Person(String first, String last, String address){
this.first = first;
this.last = last;
this.address = address;
}
public String toString(){
return "Person: " + first + " " + last + " " + address;
}
public static class NullPerson extends Person implements Null{ // 空的Person
private NullPerson(){ super("None", "None" , "None");}
public String toString(){ return "NullPerson"; }
}
public static final Person NULL = new NullPerson();
}
class Position{
private String title;
private Person person;
public Position(String jobTitle, Person employee){
title = jobTitle;
person = employee;
if(person == null){
person = Person.NULL;
}
}
public Position(String jobTitle){
title = jobTitle;
person = Person.NULL;
}
public String getTitle(){
return title;
}
public void setTitle(String newTitle){
title = newTitle;
}
public Person getPerson(){
return person;
}
public void setPerson(Person newPerson){
person = newPerson;
if(person == null){
person = Person.NULL;
}
}
public String toString(){
return "Position: " + title + " " + person;
}
}
class Staff extends ArrayList<Position>{
public void add(String title, Person person){
add(new Position(title, person));
}
public void add(String... titles){
for(String title : titles){
add(new Position(title));
}
}
public Staff(String... titles){
add(titles);
}
public boolean positionAvailable(String title){
for(Position position : this ){
if(position.getTitle().equals(title) && position.getPerson() == Person.NULL)
{
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
public void fillPositon(String title, Person hire){
for(Position position : this){
if(position.getTitle().equals(title) && position.getPerson() == Person.NULL){
position.setPerson(hire);
return;
}
}
throw new RuntimeException("Position " + title
+ " not available");
}
}
public class Main{
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException {
Staff staff = new Staff("President","CTO",
"Marketing Manager", "Product Manager",
"Project lead", "Software Engineer",
"Software Engineer", "Software Engineer",
"Software Engineer", "Test Engineer",
"Technical Writer");
staff.fillPositon("President", new Person("ME", "Last", "the top , lonely At"));
staff.fillPositon("Project lead", new Person("Janet", "Planner", "the burbs"));
if(staff.positionAvailable("Software Engineer")){
staff.fillPositon("Software Engineer", new Person("Bob", "coder", "bright light city"));
}
System.out.println(staff);
}
}
运行结果:
[Position: President Person: ME Last the top , lonely At,
Position: CTO NullPerson,
Position: Marketing Manager NullPerson,
Position: Product Manager NullPerson,
Position: Project lead Person: Janet Planner the burbs,
Position: Software Engineer Person: Bob coder bright light city,
Position: Software Engineer NullPerson,
Position: Software Engineer NullPerson,
Position: Software Engineer NullPerson,
Position: Test Engineer NullPerson,
Position: Technical Writer NullPerson]
来看个“机器人”例子,代理模式
interface Null{}
interface Operation{
String description();
void command();
}
interface Robot{
String name();
String model();
List<Operation> operations();
class Test{
public static void test(Robot r){
if(r instanceof Null)
System.out.println("[Null Robot]");
System.out.println("Robot name: " + r.name());
System.out.println("Robot model: " + r.model());
for(Operation operation : r.operations()){
System.out.println(operation.description());
operation.command();
}
}
}
}
class SnowRemovalRobot implements Robot{
private String name;
public SnowRemovalRobot(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String name() { return name;}
public String model() { return "Snow Series 11" ;}
public List<Operation> operations(){
return Arrays.asList(
new Operation() {
@Override
public String description() {
return name + " can shovel snow";
}
@Override
public void command() {
System.out.println(name + " shoveling snow");
}
},
new Operation() {
@Override
public String description() {
return name + " can chip ice";
}
@Override
public void command() {
System.out.println(name + " shoveling snow");
}
},
new Operation() {
@Override
public String description() {
return name + " can clear the roof";
}
@Override
public void command() {
System.out.println(name + " clearing roof");
}
}
);
}
}
public class Main{
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException {
Robot.Test.test(new SnowRemovalRobot("Slusher"));
}
}
运行结果:
Robot name: Slusher
Robot model: Snow Series 11
Slusher can shovel snow
Slusher shoveling snow
Slusher can chip ice
Slusher shoveling snow
Slusher can clear the roof
Slusher clearing roof
如果存在许多不同类型的Robot,我们想对每一种Robot类型都创建一个空对象,去执行某种特殊操作,下面例子,提供空对象所代表的Robot确切类型的信息,用动态代理实现