Spring 构建Web应用程序（注解方式）

最新推荐文章于 2022-02-19 19:32:51 发布

书香水墨

最新推荐文章于 2022-02-19 19:32:51 发布

阅读量211

点赞数

分类专栏：后端文章标签： spring springmvc java

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_27870421/article/details/99767525

版权

后端专栏收录该内容

412 篇文章 15 订阅

订阅专栏

`一、Spring MVC`

1.1 Spring MVC 生命周期

每当用户在Web浏览器中点击链接或提交表单的时候，请求就开始工作了。请求是一个十分繁忙的家伙。从离开浏览器开始到获取响应返回，它会经历好多站，在每站都会留下一些信息同时也会带上其他信息。下图展示了请求使用Spring MVC所经历的所有站点。

1.2 搭建Spring MVC

1）配置DispatcherServlet

DispatcherServlet是Spring MVC的核心。在这里请求会第一次接触到框架，它要负责将请求路由到其他的组件之中。

按照传统的方式，像DispatcherServlet这样的Servlet会配置在web.xml文件中，这个文件会放到应用的WAR包里面。当然，这是配置DispatcherServlet的方法之一。但是，借助于Servlet 3规范和Spring 3.1的功能增强，这种方式已经不是唯一的方案了。

我们会使用Java将DispatcherServlet配置在Servlet容器中，而不会再使用web.xml文件。

package spring;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer;

public class SpittrWebAppInitializer extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {
    /**
     *
     * 将一个或多个路径映射到DispatcherServlet上。
     * 在这里它映射的是“/”，这表示它会是应用的默认Servlet。
     * 它会处理进入应用的所有请求。
     *
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    protected String[] getServletMappings() {
        return new String[]{"/"};
    }

    @Override
    protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
        return new Class[]{RootConfig.class};
    }

    @Override
    protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
        return new Class[]{WebConfig.class};
    }
}

2）创建Web配置

在xml中你可以使用<mvc:annotation-driven>启用注解驱动的Spring MVC。也可以通过注解的方法来启动：

package spring;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver;

@Configuration
@EnableWebMvc
@ComponentScan
public class WebConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {

    @Bean
    public ViewResolver viewResolver() {
        InternalResourceViewResolver resolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver();
        resolver.setPrefix("/");
        resolver.setSuffix(".jsp");
        resolver.setExposeContextBeansAsAttributes(true);
        return resolver;
    }

    @Override
    public void configureDefaultServletHandling(DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer configurer) {
        configurer.enable();
    }
}

3）创建根配置

package spring;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
@ComponentScan
public class RootConfig {
}

4）创建控制器

package spring;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

@Controller
public class HomeController {
    @RequestMapping(value = "/", method= RequestMethod.GET)
    public String home() {
        return "home";
    }
}

5）创建home.jsp

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Hello World!</h1>
</body>
</html>

6）确保jar包齐全

    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.11</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
      <version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
      <version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
      <version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
      <version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
      <version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
      <version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
      <version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
      <version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
      <version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax</groupId>
      <artifactId>javaee-api</artifactId>
      <version>7.0</version>
    </dependency>

7）配置Tomcat

执行配置

8）运行效果

`二、添加其他的Servlet和Filter`

2.1 添加Servlet

import org.springframework.web.WebApplicationInitializer;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRegistration;

public class MyserverletInitializer implements WebApplicationInitializer {

    @Override
    public void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
        ServletRegistration.Dynamic myServlet = servletContext.addServlet("myServlet", MyServlet.class);
        myServlet.addMapping("/custom/**");
    }
}

2.2 添加Filter

import org.springframework.web.WebApplicationInitializer;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;

public class myFilterInitializer implements WebApplicationInitializer {

    @Override
    public void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
        javax.servlet.FilterRegistration.Dynamic myFilter = servletContext.addServlet("myFilter", MyFilter.class);
         myFilter.addMappingForUrlPatterns(null, false, "/custom/*");
    }
}