leetcode 148. 排序链表 (C++)

在 O(n log n) 时间复杂度和常数级空间复杂度下，对链表进行排序。

示例 1:

输入: 4->2->1->3
输出: 1->2->3->4

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bottom-to-up 的归并思路是这样的：先两个两个的 merge，完成一趟后，再 4 个4个的 merge，直到结束。举个简单的例子：[4,3,1,7,8,9,2,11,5,6].

step=1: (3->4)->(1->7)->(8->9)->(2->11)->(5->6)
step=2: (1->3->4->7)->(2->8->9->11)->(5->6)
step=4: (1->2->3->4->7->8->9->11)->5->6
step=8: (1->2->3->4->5->6->7->8->9->11)

/**
 * Definition for singly-linked list.
 * struct ListNode {
 *     int val;
 *     ListNode *next;
 *     ListNode(int x) : val(x), next(NULL) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    ListNode* sortList(ListNode* head) {
        ListNode dummyHead(0);
        dummyHead.next = head;
        auto p = head;
        int length = 0;
        while (p) {
            ++length;
            p = p->next;
        }
        
        for (int size = 1; size < length; size <<= 1) {
            auto cur = dummyHead.next;
            auto tail = &dummyHead;
            
            while (cur) {
                auto left = cur;
                auto right = cut(left, size); // left->@->@ right->@->@->@...
                cur = cut(right, size); // left->@->@ right->@->@  cur->@->...
                
                tail->next = merge(left, right);
                while (tail->next) {
                    tail = tail->next;
                }
            }
        }
        return dummyHead.next;
    }
    
    ListNode* cut(ListNode* head, int n) { //将链表 l 切掉前 n 个节点，并返回后半部分的链表头
        auto p = head;
        while (--n && p) {
            p = p->next;
        }
        
        if (!p) return nullptr;
        
        auto next = p->next;
        p->next = nullptr;
        return next;
    }
    
    ListNode* merge(ListNode* l1, ListNode* l2) { //二路归并
        ListNode dummyHead(0);
        auto p = &dummyHead;
        while (l1 && l2) {
            if (l1->val < l2->val) {
                p->next = l1;
                p = l1;
                l1 = l1->next;       
            } else {
                p->next = l2;
                p = l2;
                l2 = l2->next;
            }
        }
        p->next = l1 ? l1 : l2;
        return dummyHead.next;
    }
};