ava Calendar 类时间操作,这也许是创建日历和管理最简单的一个方案,示范代码很简单。
演示了获取时间,日期时间的累加和累减,以及比较。
注意事项:
Calendar 的 month 从 0 开始,也就是全年 12 个月由 0 ~ 11 进行表示。
而 Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK 定义和值如下:
Calendar.SUNDAY = 1
Calendar.MONDAY = 2
Calendar.TUESDAY = 3
Calendar.WEDNESDAY = 4
Calendar.THURSDAY = 5
Calendar.FRIDAY = 6
Calendar.SATURDAY = 7
SimpleDateFormat 的格式定义
Letter | Date or Time Component | Presentation | Examples |
---|---|---|---|
G | Era designator | Text | AD |
y | Year | Year | 1996 ; 96 |
Y | Week year | Year | 2009 ; 09 |
M | Month in year (context sensitive) | Month | July ; Jul ; 07 |
L | Month in year (standalone form) | Month | July ; Jul ; 07 |
w | Week in year | Number | 27 |
W | Week in month | Number | 2 |
D | Day in year | Number | 189 |
d | Day in month | Number | 10 |
F | Day of week in month | Number | 2 |
E | Day name in week | Text | Tuesday ; Tue |
u | Day number of week (1 = Monday, ..., 7 = Sunday) | Number | 1 |
a | Am/pm marker | Text | PM |
H | Hour in day (0-23) | Number | 0 |
k | Hour in day (1-24) | Number | 24 |
K | Hour in am/pm (0-11) | Number | 0 |
h | Hour in am/pm (1-12) | Number | 12 |
m | Minute in hour | Number | 30 |
s | Second in minute | Number | 55 |
S | Millisecond | Number | 978 |
z | Time zone | General time zone | Pacific Standard Time ; PST ; GMT-08:00 |
Z | Time zone | RFC 822 time zone | -0800 |
X | Time zone | ISO 8601 time zone | -08 ; -0800 ; -08:00 |
Java Calendar 演示代码如下:
- package demo;
- import java.util.Date;
- import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
- import java.text.DateFormat;
- import java.text.ParseException;
- import java.util.Calendar;
- public class Test
- {
- public Test()
- {
- }
- public static void main(String[] args)
- {
- // 字符串转换日期格式
- // DateFormat fmtDateTime = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
- // 接收传入参数
- // String strDate = args[1];
- // 得到日期格式对象
- // Date date = fmtDateTime.parse(strDate);
- // 完整显示今天日期时间
- String str = (new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss:SSS")).format(new Date());
- System.out.println(str);
- // 创建 Calendar 对象
- Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
- try
- {
- // 对 calendar 设置时间的方法
- // 设置传入的时间格式
- SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-M-d H:m:s");
- // 指定一个日期
- Date date = dateFormat.parse("2013-6-1 13:24:16");
- // 对 calendar 设置为 date 所定的日期
- calendar.setTime(date);
- // 按特定格式显示刚设置的时间
- str = (new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss:SSS")).format(calendar.getTime());
- System.out.println(str);
- }
- catch (ParseException e)
- {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- // 或者另一種設置 calendar 方式
- // 分別爲 year, month, date, hourOfDay, minute, second
- calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
- calendar.set(2013, 1, 2, 17, 35, 44);
- str = (new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss:SSS")).format(calendar.getTime());
- System.out.println(str);
- // Calendar 取得当前时间的方法
- // 初始化 (重置) Calendar 对象
- calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
- // 或者用 Date 来初始化 Calendar 对象
- calendar.setTime(new Date());
- // setTime 类似上面一行
- // Date date = new Date();
- // calendar.setTime(date);
- str = (new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss:SSS")).format(calendar.getTime());
- System.out.println(str);
- // 显示年份
- int year = calendar.get(Calendar.YEAR);
- System.out.println("year is = " + String.valueOf(year));
- // 显示月份 (从0开始, 实际显示要加一)
- int month = calendar.get(Calendar.MONTH);
- System.out.println("nth is = " + (month + 1));
- // 本周几
- int week = calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK);
- System.out.println("week is = " + week);
- // 今年的第 N 天
- int DAY_OF_YEAR = calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR);
- System.out.println("DAY_OF_YEAR is = " + DAY_OF_YEAR);
- // 本月第 N 天
- int DAY_OF_MONTH = calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH);
- System.out.println("DAY_OF_MONTH = " + String.valueOf(DAY_OF_MONTH));
- // 3小时以后
- calendar.add(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, 3);
- int HOUR_OF_DAY = calendar.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY);
- System.out.println("HOUR_OF_DAY + 3 = " + HOUR_OF_DAY);
- // 当前分钟数
- int MINUTE = calendar.get(Calendar.MINUTE);
- System.out.println("MINUTE = " + MINUTE);
- // 15 分钟以后
- calendar.add(Calendar.MINUTE, 15);
- MINUTE = calendar.get(Calendar.MINUTE);
- System.out.println("MINUTE + 15 = " + MINUTE);
- // 30分钟前
- calendar.add(Calendar.MINUTE, -30);
- MINUTE = calendar.get(Calendar.MINUTE);
- System.out.println("MINUTE - 30 = " + MINUTE);
- // 格式化显示
- str = (new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss:SS")).format(calendar.getTime());
- System.out.println(str);
- // 重置 Calendar 显示当前时间
- calendar.setTime(new Date());
- str = (new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss:SS")).format(calendar.getTime());
- System.out.println(str);
- // 创建一个 Calendar 用于比较时间
- Calendar calendarNew = Calendar.getInstance();
- // 设定为 5 小时以前,后者大,显示 -1
- calendarNew.add(Calendar.HOUR, -5);
- System.out.println("时间比较:" + calendarNew.compareTo(calendar));
- // 设定7小时以后,前者大,显示 1
- calendarNew.add(Calendar.HOUR, +7);
- System.out.println("时间比较:" + calendarNew.compareTo(calendar));
- // 退回 2 小时,时间相同,显示 0
- calendarNew.add(Calendar.HOUR, -2);
- System.out.println("时间比较:" + calendarNew.compareTo(calendar));
- }
- }
要计算时间差,可用 Calendar.getTimeInMillis() 取得两个时间的微秒级的时间差,再加以换算,即可获得相差的天数,代码如下:
- // 得微秒级时间差
- long val = calendarEnd.getTimeInMillis() - calendarBegin.getTimeInMillis();
- // 换算后得到天数
- long day = val / (1000 * 60 * 60 * 24);