SpringBoot精藏（十）

一：声明式缓冲

Spring 定义 CacheManager 和 Cache 接口用来统一不同的缓存技术。例如 JCache、 EhCache、 Hazelcast、 Guava、 Redis 等。在使用 Spring 集成 Cache 的时候，我们需要注册实现的 CacheManager 的 Bean。

Spring Boot 为我们自动配置了 JcacheCacheConfiguration、 EhCacheCacheConfiguration、HazelcastCacheConfiguration、GuavaCacheConfiguration、RedisCacheConfiguration、SimpleCacheConfiguration 等。

默认使用 ConcurrenMapCacheManager

在我们不使用其他第三方缓存依赖的时候，springboot自动采用ConcurrenMapCacheManager作为缓存管理器。

导入jar包依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

	<groupId>forezp</groupId>
	<artifactId>demo</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<packaging>jar</packaging>



	<name>demo</name>
	<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
	</parent>

	<properties>
		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
		<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-cache</artifactId>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>


</project>

二：创建一个实体类

package forezp.entity;

public class Book {

    private String isbn;
    private String title;

    public Book(String isbn, String title) {
        this.isbn = isbn;
        this.title = title;
    }

    public String getIsbn() {
        return isbn;
    }

    public void setIsbn(String isbn) {
        this.isbn = isbn;
    }

    public String getTitle() {
        return title;
    }

    public void setTitle(String title) {
        this.title = title;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Book{" + "isbn='" + isbn + '\'' + ", title='" + title + '\'' + '}';
    }

}

三：创建dao层

package forezp.dao.impl;

import forezp.dao.BookRepository;
import forezp.entity.Book;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.Cacheable;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;


@Component
public class SimpleBookRepository implements BookRepository {

    @Override
    //@Cacheable("books")
    public Book getByIsbn(String isbn) {
        simulateSlowService();
        return new Book(isbn, "Some book");
    }

    private void simulateSlowService() {
        try {
            long time = 3000L;
            Thread.sleep(time);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(e);
        }
    }

}

四：建立测试类

package forezp;

import forezp.dao.BookRepository;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class AppRunner implements CommandLineRunner {

    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AppRunner.class);

    private final BookRepository bookRepository;

    public AppRunner(BookRepository bookRepository) {
        this.bookRepository = bookRepository;
    }

    @Override
    public void run(String... args) throws Exception {
        logger.info(".... Fetching books");
        logger.info("isbn-1234 -->" + bookRepository.getByIsbn("isbn-1234"));
        logger.info("isbn-4567 -->" + bookRepository.getByIsbn("isbn-4567"));
        logger.info("isbn-1234 -->" + bookRepository.getByIsbn("isbn-1234"));
        logger.info("isbn-4567 -->" + bookRepository.getByIsbn("isbn-4567"));
        logger.info("isbn-1234 -->" + bookRepository.getByIsbn("isbn-1234"));
        logger.info("isbn-1234 -->" + bookRepository.getByIsbn("isbn-1234"));
    }

}

启动程序后打印出了如下

启动程序，你会发现程序在控制台依次打印了：

2014-06-05 12:15:35.783 … : …. Fetching books

2014-06-05 12:15:40.783 … : isbn-1234 –> >Book{isbn=’isbn-1234’, title=’Some book’}

2014-06-05 12:15:43.784 … : isbn-1234 –>Book{isbn=’isbn-1234’, title=’Some book’}

2014-06-05 12:15:46.786 … : isbn-1234 –>Book{isbn=’isbn-1234’, title=’Some book’}

开启缓存技术

在程序的入口中加入@ EnableCaching开启缓存技术：

package forezp;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.EnableCaching;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableCaching
public class DemoApplication {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);
	}
}

在需要缓存的地方加入@Cacheable注解，比如在getByIsbn（）方法上加入@Cacheable(“books”)，这个方法就开启了缓存策略，当缓存有这个数据的时候，会直接返回数据，不会等待去查询数据库。

package forezp.dao.impl;

import forezp.dao.BookRepository;
import forezp.entity.Book;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.Cacheable;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;


@Component
public class SimpleBookRepository implements BookRepository {

    @Override
    @Cacheable("books")
    public Book getByIsbn(String isbn) {
        simulateSlowService();
        return new Book(isbn, "Some book");
    }

    private void simulateSlowService() {
        try {
            long time = 3000L;
            Thread.sleep(time);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(e);
        }
    }

}

这时再启动程序，你会发现程序打印：

isbn-1234 –>Book{isbn=’isbn-1234’, title=’Some book’} 
2017-04-23 18:17:09.479 INFO 8054 — [ main] forezp.AppRunner : isbn-4567 –>Book{isbn=’isbn-4567’, title=’Some book’} 
2017-04-23 18:17:09.480 INFO 8054 — [ main] forezp.AppRunner : isbn-1234 –>Book{isbn=’isbn-1234’, title=’Some book’} 
2017-04-23 18:17:09.480 INFO 8054 — [ main] forezp.AppRunner : isbn-4567 –>Book{isbn=’isbn-4567’, title=’Some book’} 
2017-04-23 18:17:09.481 INFO 8054 — [ main] forezp.AppRunner : isbn-1234 –>Book{isbn=’isbn-1234’, title=’Some book’} 
2017-04-23 18:17:09.481 INFO 8054 — [ main] forezp.AppRunner : isbn-1234 –>Book{isbn=’isbn-1234’, title=’Some book’}

只有打印前面2个数据，程序等了3s，之后的数据瞬间打印在控制台上了，这说明缓存起了作用。