Ubuntu Docker 安装

卸载旧版本

$ sudo apt-get remove docker docker-engine docker.io containerd runc

使用 Docker 仓库进行安装

1.更新 apt 包索引。

$ sudo apt-get update

2.安装 apt 依赖包，用于通过HTTPS来获取仓库:

$ sudo apt-get install \
    apt-transport-https \
    ca-certificates \
    curl \
    gnupg-agent \
    software-properties-common

3.添加 Docker 的官方 GPG 密钥：

$ curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -

4.9DC8 5822 9FC7 DD38 854A E2D8 8D81 803C 0EBF CD88 通过搜索指纹的后8个字符，验证您现在是否拥有带有指纹的密钥。

$ sudo apt-key fingerprint 0EBFCD88
   
pub   rsa4096 2017-02-22 [SCEA]
      9DC8 5822 9FC7 DD38 854A  E2D8 8D81 803C 0EBF CD88
uid           [ unknown] Docker Release (CE deb) <docker@docker.com>
sub   rsa4096 2017-02-22 [S]

5.使用以下指令设置稳定版仓库

$ sudo add-apt-repository \
   "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \
  $(lsb_release -cs) \
  stable"

安装 Docker Engine-Community

1.更新 apt 包索引。

$ sudo apt-get update

2.安装最新版本的 Docker Engine-Community 和 containerd ，或者转到下一步安装特定版本：

$ sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

3.要安装特定版本的 Docker Engine-Community，请在仓库中列出可用版本，然后选择一种安装。列出您的仓库中可用的版本：

$ apt-cache madison docker-ce

  docker-ce | 5:18.09.1~3-0~ubuntu-xenial | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu  xenial/stable amd64 Packages
  docker-ce | 5:18.09.0~3-0~ubuntu-xenial | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu  xenial/stable amd64 Packages
  docker-ce | 18.06.1~ce~3-0~ubuntu       | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu  xenial/stable amd64 Packages
  docker-ce | 18.06.0~ce~3-0~ubuntu       | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu  xenial/stable amd64 Packages
  ...

4.使用第二列中的版本字符串安装特定版本，例如 5:18.09.1_3-0ubuntu-xenial。

$ sudo apt-get install docker-ce=<VERSION_STRING> docker-ce-cli=<VERSION_STRING> containerd.io

5.测试 Docker 是否安装成功，输入以下指令，打印出以下信息则安装成功:

$ sudo docker run hello-world

Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
1b930d010525: Pull complete                                                                                                                                  Digest: sha256:c3b4ada4687bbaa170745b3e4dd8ac3f194ca95b2d0518b417fb47e5879d9b5f
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest


Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.


To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
    (amd64)
 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
    to your terminal.


To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
 $ docker run -it ubuntu bash


Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
 https://hub.docker.com/


For more examples and ideas, visit:
 https://docs.docker.com/get-started/

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原文链接：https://www.runoob.com/docker/ubuntu-docker-install.html