1、增
insert into 表 (列名,列名...) values (值,值,值...)
insert into 表 (列名,列名...) values (值,值,值...),(值,值,值...)
insert into 表 (列名,列名...) select (列名,列名...) from 表
2、删
delete from 表
delete from 表 where id=1 and name='alex'
3、改
update 表 set name = 'alex' where id>1
update 表 set name = 'alex',age = 1,sex = 1 where id>1
4、查
select * from 表
select * from 表 where id > 1
select nid,name,gender as gg from 表 where id > 1
#对于存储过程中,如果定义了变量d1,可以使用下面的语句将查询结果赋值给d1
select id into d1 from user where nid = 5;
5、其他
a、条件:
select * from 表 where id > 1 and name != 'alex' and num = 12;
select * from 表 where id between 5 and 16;
select * from 表 where id in (11,22,33)
select * from 表 where id not in (11,22,33)
select * from 表 where id in (select nid from 表)
b、通配符:
select * from 表 where name like 'ale%' - ale开头的所有(多个字符串)
select * from 表 where name like 'ale_' - ale开头的所有(一个字符)
c、限制:
select * from 表 limit 5; - 前5行
select * from 表 limit 4,5; - 从第4行开始的5行
select * from 表 limit 5 offset 4 - 从第4行开始的5行
d、排序:
select * from 表 order by 列 asc - 根据 “列” 从小到大排列
select * from 表 order by 列 desc - 根据 “列” 从大到小排列
select * from 表 order by 列1 desc,列2 asc - 根据 “列1” 从大到小排列,如果相同则按列2从小到大排序
e、分组:
select num from 表 group by num
select num,nid from 表 group by num,nid
select num,nid from 表 where nid > 10 group by num,nid order nid desc
select num,nid,count(*),sum(score),max(score),min(score) from 表 group by num,nid
select num from 表 group by num having max(id) > 10
特别的:group by 必须在where之后,order by之前
如果要对分组之后的数据进行筛选,使用having关键字,例:筛选出通过列department分组后,每组成员nid之和大于10的数据
select sum(nid),department from 表 group by department having sum(nid)>10
注:对于分组之后的数据筛选,使用where是无效的,必须使用having
f、连表:
无对应关系则不显示( DISTINCT关键字用来去重 )
select DISTINCT A.num, A.name, B.name
from A,B
Where A.nid = B.nid
无对应关系则不显示
select A.num, A.name, B.name
from A inner join B
on A.nid = B.nid
A表所有显示,如果B中无对应关系,则值为null (A left join B表示以A表为主表,显示A表所有内容)
select A.num, A.name, B.name
from A left join B
on A.nid = B.nid
B表所有显示,如果B中无对应关系,则值为null (A right join B表示以B表为主表,显示B表所有内容)
select A.num, A.name, B.name
from A right join B
on A.nid = B.nid
还可以同时显示多表信息,例如A表存在两个外键
select *
from A
left join B on A.nid = B.nid
left join C on A.nid = C.nid
可以使用as为列起别名
select department as part_id
from A
left join B on A.department = B.nid
多对多关系查询实例
man表: id(主键)、name
woman表: id(主键)、name
man_to_woman表: man_id(外键-man)、woman_id(外键-woman)
查找男性jack对应的所有女性:
select *
from man_to_woman
left join man on man.id = man_to_woman.man_id
left join woman on woman.id = man_to_woman.woman_id
where man.name = 'jack'
g、组合:
组合,自动处理重合
select nickname
from A
union
select name
from B
组合,不处理重合
select nickname
from A
union all
select name
from B