设计模式之策略模式

1.定义

策略模式：定义了算法家族，分别封装起来，让它们之间可以互相替换，此模式让算法的变化，不会影响到使用算法的用户。

同样以计算器的例子来展示策略模式。

2.UML:

3.Code

Operation.class:

abstract class Operation{
   public double numberA;
   public double numberB;

   abstract double getResult();

}

子类：

OperationAdd.class:

class OperationAdd extends Operation{

   public double getResult{
      return numerA + numberB;
   }
}

OperationSub.class:

class OperationSub extends Operation{

   public double getResult{
      return numerA - numberB;
   }
}

OperationMul.class:

class OperationMul extends Operation{

   public double getResult{
      return numerA * numberB;
   }
}

OperationDiv.class:

class OperationDiv extends Operation{

   public double getResult{
      if(numberB == 0){
         throw new Exception("除数不能为0");
      }
      return numerA / numberB;
   }
}

Context.class:

class Context{
    private Operation operation;
    public Context(Operation opera){
         operation = opera;
    }

    public double getResult(){
         return operation.getResult();
    }

}

Client.class:

public class Client{
   public static void main(String[] args){
       String operator = "+";

       Operation operation = null;
       switch(operator){
           case "+":
               operation = new OperationAdd(); 
               break;
           case "-":
               operation = new OperationSub(); 
               break;
           case "*":
               operation = new OperationMul(); 
               break;
           case "/":
               operation = new OperationDiv(); 
               break;
        }
       operation.numberA = 2;
       operation.numberB = 4;

       Context context = new Context(operation);
       double result = context.getResult();   
   } 
}

纯粹的策略模式使得客户端还需要处理一大堆的判断，显得很臃肿，可以将策略模式与简单工厂模式结合，将判断的代码移到Context中，如下：

Context.class:

class Context{
    private Operation operation;
    public Context(String operator,String numberA,String numberB){
         switch(operator){
           case "+":
               operation = new OperationAdd(); 
               break;
           case "-":
               operation = new OperationSub(); 
               break;
           case "*":
               operation = new OperationMul(); 
               break;
           case "/":
               operation = new OperationDiv(); 
               break;
        }
        operation.numberA = numberA;
        operation.numberB = numberB;
    }

    public double getResult(){
         return operation.getResult();
    }

}

Client.class

public class Client{
   public static void main(String[] args){
       Context context = new Context("+",2,4);
       double result = context.getResult();   
   } 
}

4.总结

可以看到策略模式与简单工厂模式非常非常相似~

策略模式与简单工厂模式的区别：

简单工厂模式：

Operation operation = OperationFactory.create("+"，2,4);
double result = operation.getResult();

策略模式：

Context context = new Context("+",2,4);
double result = context.getResult();

策略模式中用户只需要关心Context一个对象即可，简单工厂模式有OperationFactory和Operation两个对象需要用户去了解。

策略模式中Context类不止可以生成对象，而且还暴露出方法可以让客户端直接调用对象的方法，为客户端提供一条龙服务~因此对客户端来说，策略模式的封装性更好。