Ubuntu20.04 安装OpenCV4.6.0

第一步：准备工作

安装依赖

1. 基本库安装

sudo apt install cmake qt5-default gcc g++ libxslt1-dev libffi-dev \
    at-spi2-core libavresample-dev libavresample4  python3 \
	  python3-dev python3-numpy python3-pip -y 

sudo ln -s .

2. 安装libjasper

# 方法1：不推荐
sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main"
sudo apt update
sudo apt install libjasper1 libjasper-dev -y
# 方法2：手动编译
git clone https://github.com/jasper-software/jasper.git -b version-3.0.6
cd jasper/build
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python
./build --release --install-dir /usr/local
cd ../tmp_cmake/build
# 然后将/usr/local/lib添加到系统环境，例如
sudo vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/jasper.conf
# 内容如下：
/usr/local/lib

3. 基本依赖安装

sudo apt install build-essential libncursesw5-dev libgdbm-dev libc6-dev \
    zlib1g-dev libsqlite3-dev tk-dev \
    libssl-dev openssl libffi-dev \
    libblas-dev liblapack-dev gfortran \
    build-essential git libgtk2.0-dev pkg-config libavcodec-dev \
    libavformat-dev libswscale-dev libtbb2 libtbb-dev libjpeg-dev \
    libpng-dev libtiff-dev libdc1394-22-dev -y

4. 基本依赖安装

sudo apt install nasm libtool libgtk-3-dev libgtk2.0-dev \
    libavutil-dev libswscale-dev libasound2-dev libspeex-dev \
    v4l-utils libopenexr-dev libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev \
    libswscale-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-dev \
    libgstreamer1.0-dev -y

5. 安装openjpeg。

git clone https://github.com/uclouvain/openjpeg
cd openjpeg
mkdir build
cd build
cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
make
sudo make install

安装工作

• 下载源码(直接下载git是预览版，去releases下载是正式版)。opencv，opencv_contrib

• 解压到你想要的任意文件夹，但是建议两个文件夹解压后放同级路径。
  - 修改一下opencv下面的CMakeLists.txt文件，开头加入下面这句，防止可能发生的找不到系统so文件。

shell~~ ~~set(CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH "/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu")~~ ~~

安装OpenCV到系统环境

• 如果要把opencv安装到系统环境，默认安装路径为/usr/local。默认安装到Python2，当然我们需要用它安装到python3。下面以python3.9为例。
• 建议先把conda环境deactive，防止误识别。
• 直接用apt安装python3 python3-pip python3-numpy