二叉树基本算法（续）
判断二叉树是否是完全二叉树
public static class Node {
public int value;
public Node left;
public Node right;
public Node(int data) {
this.value = data;
}
}
public static boolean isCBT1(Node head) {
if (head == null) {
return true;
}
LinkedList<Node> queue = new LinkedList<>();
// 是否遇到过左右两个孩子不双全的节点
boolean leaf = false;
Node l = null;
Node r = null;
queue.add(head);
while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
head = queue.poll();
l = head.left;
r = head.right;
if (
// 如果遇到了不双全的节点之后，又发现当前节点不是叶节点
(leaf && (l != null || r != null))
||
(l == null && r != null)
) {
return false;
}
if (l != null) {
queue.add(l);
}
if (r != null) {
queue.add(r);
}
if (l == null || r == null) {
leaf = true;
}
}
return true;
}
public static boolean isCBT2(Node head) {
if (head == null) {
return true;
}
return process(head).isCBT;
}
// 对每一棵子树，是否是满二叉树、是否是完全二叉树、高度
public static class Info {
public boolean isFull;
public boolean isCBT;
public int height;
public Info(boolean full, boolean cbt, int h) {
isFull = full;
isCBT = cbt;
height = h;
}
}
public static Info process(Node X) {
if (X == null) {
return new Info(true, true, 0);
}
Info leftInfo = process(X.left);
Info rightInfo = process(X.right);
int height = Math.max(leftInfo.height, rightInfo.height) + 1;
boolean isFull = leftInfo.isFull
&&
rightInfo.isFull
&& leftInfo.height == rightInfo.height;
boolean isCBT = false;
if (isFull) {
isCBT = true;
} else { // 以x为头整棵树，不满
if (leftInfo.isCBT && rightInfo.isCBT) {
if (leftInfo.isCBT
&& rightInfo.isFull
&& leftInfo.height == rightInfo.height + 1) {
isCBT = true;
}
if (leftInfo.isFull
&&
rightInfo.isFull
&& leftInfo.height == rightInfo.height + 1) {
isCBT = true;
}
if (leftInfo.isFull
&& rightInfo.isCBT && leftInfo.height == rightInfo.height) {
isCBT = true;
}
}
}
return new Info(isFull, isCBT, height);
}
// for test
public static Node generateRandomBST(int maxLevel, int maxValue) {
return generate(1, maxLevel, maxValue);
}
// for test
public static Node generate(int level, int maxLevel, int maxValue) {
if (level > maxLevel || Math.random() < 0.5) {
return null;
}
Node head = new Node((int) (Math.random() * maxValue));
head.left = generate(level + 1, maxLevel, maxValue);
head.right = generate(level + 1, maxLevel, maxValue);
return head;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int maxLevel = 5;
int maxValue = 100;
int testTimes = 1000000;
for (int i = 0; i < testTimes; i++) {
Node head = generateRandomBST(maxLevel, maxValue);
if (isCBT1(head) != isCBT2(head)) {
System.out.println("Oops!");
}
}
System.out.println("finish!");
}
会在后面的题目中用二叉树的递归套路来解这个题
二叉树的递归套路
可以解决面试中绝大多数的二叉树问题尤其是树型dp问题
本质是利用递归遍历二叉树的便利性
1）假设以X节点为头，假设可以向X左树和X右树要任何信息
2）在上一步的假设下，讨论以X为头节点的树，得到答案的可能性（最重要）
3）列出所有可能性后，确定到底需要向左树和右树要什么样的信息
4）把左树信息和右树信息求全集，就是任何一棵子树都需要返回的信息S
5）递归函数都返回S，每一棵子树都这么要求
6）写代码，在代码中考虑如何把左树的信息和右树信息整合出整棵树的信息
二叉树的递归套路深度实践
判断二叉树是否是搜索二叉树
public static class Node {
public int value;
public Node left;
public Node right;
public Node(int data) {
this.value = data;
}
}
public static boolean isBST1(Node head) {
if (head == null) {
return true;
}
ArrayList<Node> arr = new ArrayList<>();
in(head, arr);
for (int i = 1; i < arr.size(); i++) {
if (arr.get(i).value <= arr.get(i - 1).value) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
public static void in(Node head, ArrayList<Node> arr) {
if (head == null) {
return;
}
in(head.left, arr);
arr.add(head);
in(head.right, arr);
}
public static boolean isBST2(Node head) {
if (head == null) {
return true;
}
return prcoess(head).isBST;
}
private static Info prcoess(Node head) {
if(head==null){
return null;
}
Info leftInfo=prcoess(head.left);
Info rigftInfo=prcoess(head.right);
int max=head.value;
int min=head.value;
if(leftInfo!=null){
max=Math.max(leftInfo.max,max);
min=Math.min(leftInfo.min,min);
}
if(rigftInfo!=null){
max=Math.max(rigftInfo.max,max);
min=Math.min(rigftInfo.min,min);
}
boolean isBST = true;
if((leftInfo!=null&& !leftInfo.isBST)||(rigftInfo!=null&& !rigftInfo.isBST)){
isBST=false;
}
if((leftInfo!=null&& leftInfo.max>= head.value)||(rigftInfo!=null&& rigftInfo.min<= head.value)){
isBST=false;
}
return new Info(isBST,max,min);
}
public static class Info {
public boolean isBST;
public int max;
public int min;
public Info(boolean i, int ma, int mi) {
isBST = i;
max = ma;
min = mi;
}
}
// for test
public static Node generateRandomBST(int maxLevel, int maxValue) {
return generate(1, maxLevel, maxValue);
}
// for test
public static Node generate(int level, int maxLevel, int maxValue) {
if (level > maxLevel || Math.random() < 0.5) {
return null;
}
Node head = new Node((int) (Math.random() * maxValue));
head.left = generate(level + 1, maxLevel, maxValue);
head.right = generate(level + 1, maxLevel, maxValue);
return head;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int maxLevel = 4;
int maxValue = 100;
int testTimes = 1000000;
for (int i = 0; i < testTimes; i++) {
Node head = generateRandomBST(maxLevel, maxValue);
if (isBST1(head) != isBST2(head)) {
System.out.println("Oops!");
}
}
System.out.println("finish!");
}
给定一棵二叉树的头节点head，返回这颗二叉树是不是平衡二叉树
public static class Node {
public int value;
public Node left;
public Node right;
public Node(int data) {
this.value = data;
}
}
public static boolean isBalanced1(Node head) {
boolean[] ans = new boolean[1];
ans[0] = true;
process1(head, ans);
return ans[0];
}
private static int process1(Node head, boolean[] ans) {
if(!ans[0]||head==null){
return -1;
}
int leftHeight=process1(head.left,ans);
int rightHeight=process1(head.right,ans);
if (Math.abs(leftHeight - rightHeight) > 1) {
ans[0] = false;
}
return Math.max(leftHeight,rightHeight)+1;
}
public static class Info{
public boolean isBalanced;
public int height;
public Info(boolean i, int h) {
isBalanced = i;
height = h;
}
}
public static boolean isBalanced2(Node head) {
return process2(head).isBalanced;
}
private static Info process2(Node head) {
if(head==null){
return new Info(true,0);
}
Info left=process2(head.left);
Info right=process2(head.right);
boolean isBalanced=true;
if(!left.isBalanced|| !right.isBalanced){
isBalanced=false;
}
if(Math.abs(left.height-right.height)> 1){
isBalanced=false;
}
int hight=Math.max(left.height, right.height)+1;
return new Info(isBalanced,hight);
}
// for test
public static Node generateRandomBST(int maxLevel, int maxValue) {
return generate(1, maxLevel, maxValue);
}
// for test
public static Node generate(int level, int maxLevel, int maxValue) {
if (level > maxLevel || Math.random() < 0.5) {
return null;
}
Node head = new Node((int) (Math.random() * maxValue));
head.left = generate(level + 1, maxLevel, maxValue);
head.right = generate(level + 1, maxLevel, maxValue);
return head;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int maxLevel = 5;
int maxValue = 100;
int testTimes = 1000000;
for (int i = 0; i < testTimes; i++) {
Node head = generateRandomBST(maxLevel, maxValue);
if (isBalanced1(head) != isBalanced2(head)) {
System.out.println("Oops!");
}
}
System.out.println("finish!");
}
给定一棵二叉树的头节点head，返回这颗二叉树是不是满二叉树
public static class Node {
public int value;
public Node left;
public Node right;
public Node(int data) {
this.value = data;
}
}
// 第一种方法
// 收集整棵树的高度h，和节点数n
// 只有满二叉树满足 : 2 ^ h - 1 == n
public static boolean isFull1(Node head) {
if(head==null){
return true;
}
Info1 Info1=process1(head);
return (1<<Info1.height)-1==Info1.nodes;
}
public static class Info1 {
public int height;
public int nodes;
public Info1(int h, int n) {
height = h;
nodes = n;
}
}
private static Info1 process1(Node head) {
if(head==null){
return new Info1(0,0);
}
Info1 left=process1(head.left);
Info1 right=process1(head.right);
int nodes= left.nodes+ right.nodes+1;
int hight=Math.max(left.height, right.height)+1;
return new Info1(hight,nodes);
}
// 第二种方法
// 收集子树是否是满二叉树
// 收集子树的高度
// 左树满 && 右树满 && 左右树高度一样 -> 整棵树是满的
public static boolean isFull2(Node head) {
if (head == null) {
return true;
}
return process2(head).isFull;
}
private static Info2 process2(Node head) {
if (head == null) {
return new Info2(true,0);
}
Info2 left=process2(head.left);
Info2 right=process2(head.right);
// boolean isFull=true;
// if(!left.isFull|| !right.isFull){
// isFull=false;
// }
// if(Math.abs(left.height- right.height)!=0){
// isFull=false;
// }
boolean isFull = left.isFull && right.isFull && left.height==right.height;
int height=Math.max(left.height, right.height)+1;
return new Info2(isFull,height);
}
public static class Info2 {
public boolean isFull;
public int height;
public Info2(boolean f, int h) {
isFull = f;
height = h;
}
}
// for test
public static Node generateRandomBST(int maxLevel, int maxValue) {
return generate(1, maxLevel, maxValue);
}
// for test
public static Node generate(int level, int maxLevel, int maxValue) {
if (level > maxLevel || Math.random() < 0.5) {
return null;
}
Node head = new Node((int) (Math.random() * maxValue));
head.left = generate(level + 1, maxLevel, maxValue);
head.right = generate(level + 1, maxLevel, maxValue);
return head;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int maxLevel = 5;
int maxValue = 100;
int testTimes = 1000000;
System.out.println("测试开始");
for (int i = 0; i < testTimes; i++) {
Node head = generateRandomBST(maxLevel, maxValue);
if (isFull1(head) != isFull2(head)) {
System.out.println("出错了!");
}
}
System.out.println("测试结束");
}
给定一棵二叉树的头节点head，
返回这颗二叉树中最大的二叉搜索子树的大小
// 在线测试链接 : https://leetcode.com/problems/largest-bst-subtree
public class Code05_MaxSubBSTSize {
// 提交时不要提交这个类
public static class TreeNode {
public int val;
public TreeNode left;
public TreeNode right;
public TreeNode(int value) {
val = value;
}
}
// 提交如下的代码，可以直接通过
public static int largestBSTSubtree(TreeNode head) {
if (head == null) {
return 0;
}
return process(head).maxBSTSubtreeSize;
}
public static class Info {
public int maxBSTSubtreeSize;
public int allSize;
public int max;
public int min;
public Info(int m, int a, int ma, int mi) {
maxBSTSubtreeSize = m;
allSize = a;
max = ma;
min = mi;
}
}
public static Info process(TreeNode x) {
if (x == null) {
return null;
}
Info leftInfo = process(x.left);
Info rightInfo = process(x.right);
int max = x.val;
int min = x.val;
int allSize = 1;
if (leftInfo != null) {
max = Math.max(leftInfo.max, max);
min = Math.min(leftInfo.min, min);
allSize += leftInfo.allSize;
}
if (rightInfo != null) {
max = Math.max(rightInfo.max, max);
min = Math.min(rightInfo.min, min);
allSize += rightInfo.allSize;
}
int p1 = -1;
if (leftInfo != null) {
p1 = leftInfo.maxBSTSubtreeSize;
}
int p2 = -1;
if (rightInfo != null) {
p2 = rightInfo.maxBSTSubtreeSize;
}
int p3 = -1;
boolean leftBST = leftInfo == null ? true : (leftInfo.maxBSTSubtreeSize == leftInfo.allSize);
boolean rightBST = rightInfo == null ? true : (rightInfo.maxBSTSubtreeSize == rightInfo.allSize);
if (leftBST && rightBST) {
boolean leftMaxLessX = leftInfo == null ? true : (leftInfo.max < x.val);
boolean rightMinMoreX = rightInfo == null ? true : (x.val < rightInfo.min);
if (leftMaxLessX && rightMinMoreX) {
int leftSize = leftInfo == null ? 0 : leftInfo.allSize;
int rightSize = rightInfo == null ? 0 : rightInfo.allSize;
p3 = leftSize + rightSize + 1;
}
}
return new Info(Math.max(p1, Math.max(p2, p3)), allSize, max, min);
}
}
给定一棵二叉树的头节点head，任何两个节点之间都存在距离，
返回整棵二叉树的最大距离
public static class Node {
public int value;
public Node left;
public Node right;
public Node(int data) {
this.value = data;
}
}
public static int maxDistance1(Node head) {
if (head == null) {
return 0;
}
ArrayList<Node> arr = getPrelist(head);
HashMap<Node, Node> parentMap = getParentMap(head);
int max = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < arr.size(); i++) {
for (int j = i; j < arr.size(); j++) {
max = Math.max(max, distance(parentMap, arr.get(i), arr.get(j)));
}
}
return max;
}
public static ArrayList<Node> getPrelist(Node head) {
ArrayList<Node> arr = new ArrayList<>();
fillPrelist(head, arr);
return arr;
}
public static void fillPrelist(Node head, ArrayList<Node> arr) {
if (head == null) {
return;
}
arr.add(head);
fillPrelist(head.left, arr);
fillPrelist(head.right, arr);
}
public static HashMap<Node, Node> getParentMap(Node head) {
HashMap<Node, Node> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put(head, null);
fillParentMap(head, map);
return map;
}
public static void fillParentMap(Node head, HashMap<Node, Node> parentMap) {
if (head.left != null) {
parentMap.put(head.left, head);
fillParentMap(head.left, parentMap);
}
if (head.right != null) {
parentMap.put(head.right, head);
fillParentMap(head.right, parentMap);
}
}
public static int distance(HashMap<Node, Node> parentMap, Node o1, Node o2) {
HashSet<Node> o1Set = new HashSet<>();
Node cur = o1;
o1Set.add(cur);
while (parentMap.get(cur) != null) {
cur = parentMap.get(cur);
o1Set.add(cur);
}
cur = o2;
while (!o1Set.contains(cur)) {
cur = parentMap.get(cur);
}
Node lowestAncestor = cur;
cur = o1;
int distance1 = 1;
while (cur != lowestAncestor) {
cur = parentMap.get(cur);
distance1++;
}
cur = o2;
int distance2 = 1;
while (cur != lowestAncestor) {
cur = parentMap.get(cur);
distance2++;
}
return distance1 + distance2 - 1;
}
public static int maxDistance2(Node head) {
return process(head).maxDistance;
}
private static Info process(Node head) {
if(head==null){
return new Info(0,0);
}
Info left=process(head.left);
Info right=process(head.right);
int hight=Math.max(left.height, right.height)+1;
int p1= left.maxDistance;
int p2= right.maxDistance;
int p3= left.height+ right.height+1;
int dis=Math.max(Math.max(p1,p2),p3);
return new Info(dis,hight);
}
public static class Info {
public int maxDistance;
public int height;
public Info(int m, int h) {
maxDistance = m;
height = h;
}
}
// for test
public static Node generateRandomBST(int maxLevel, int maxValue) {
return generate(1, maxLevel, maxValue);
}
// for test
public static Node generate(int level, int maxLevel, int maxValue) {
if (level > maxLevel || Math.random() < 0.5) {
return null;
}
Node head = new Node((int) (Math.random() * maxValue));
head.left = generate(level + 1, maxLevel, maxValue);
head.right = generate(level + 1, maxLevel, maxValue);
return head;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int maxLevel = 4;
int maxValue = 100;
int testTimes = 1000000;
for (int i = 0; i < testTimes; i++) {
Node head = generateRandomBST(maxLevel, maxValue);
if (maxDistance1(head) != maxDistance2(head)) {
System.out.println("Oops!");
}
}
System.out.println("finish!");
}
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