- 普通队列的优先级是根据进入顺序,默认优先队列的优先级是根据数值的大小。
- 优先队列的内部实现方法运用了堆
- priority_queue 对于基本类型的使用方法相对简单。他的模板声明带有三个参数:
priority_queue<Type, Container, Functional>
- 其中Type 为数据类型, Container 为保存数据的容器,Functional 为元素比较方式。
- Container 必须是用数组实现的容器,比如 vector, deque 但不能用 list.
- STL里面默认用的是 vector. 比较方式默认用 operator< , 所以如果你把后面俩个参数缺省的话,优先队列就是大顶堆,队头元素最大。
#include<cstdio>
#include<functional>
#include<queue>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;
struct cmp1{
bool operator ()(int &a,int &b){
return a>b;
}
};
struct cmp2{
bool operator ()(int &a,int &b){
return a<b;
}
};
struct number1{
int x;
bool operator < (const number1 &a) const {
return x>a.x;
}
};
struct number2{
int x;
bool operator < (const number2 &a) const {
return x<a.x;
}
};
int a[]={14,10,56,7,83,22,36,91,3,47,72,0};
number1 num1[]={14,10,56,7,83,22,36,91,3,47,72,0};
number2 num2[]={14,10,56,7,83,22,36,91,3,47,72,0};
int main()
{ priority_queue<int>que;
priority_queue<int,vector<int>,cmp1>que1;
priority_queue<int,vector<int>,cmp2>que2;
priority_queue<int,vector<int>,greater<int> >que3;
priority_queue<int,vector<int>,less<int> >que4;
priority_queue<number1>que5;
priority_queue<number2>que6;
int i;
for(i=0;a[i];i++){
que.push(a[i]);
que1.push(a[i]);
que2.push(a[i]);
que3.push(a[i]);
que4.push(a[i]);
}
for(i=0;num1[i].x;i++)
que5.push(num1[i]);
for(i=0;num2[i].x;i++)
que6.push(num2[i]);
printf("采用默认优先关系:\n(priority_queue<int>que;)\n");
printf("Queue 0:\n");
while(!que.empty()){
printf("%3d",que.top());
que.pop();
}
puts("");
puts("");
printf("采用结构体自定义优先级方式一:\n(priority_queue<int,vector<int>,cmp>que;)\n");
printf("Queue 1:\n");
while(!que1.empty()){
printf("%3d",que1.top());
que1.pop();
}
puts("");
printf("Queue 2:\n");
while(!que2.empty()){
printf("%3d",que2.top());
que2.pop();
}
puts("");
puts("");
printf("采用头文件\"functional\"内定义优先级:\n(priority_queue<int,vector<int>,greater<int>/less<int> >que;)\n");
printf("Queue 3:\n");
while(!que3.empty()){
printf("%3d",que3.top());
que3.pop();
}
puts("");
printf("Queue 4:\n");
while(!que4.empty()){
printf("%3d",que4.top());
que4.pop();
}
puts("");
puts("");
printf("采用结构体自定义优先级方式二:\n(priority_queue<number>que)\n");
printf("Queue 5:\n");
while(!que5.empty()){
printf("%3d",que5.top());
que5.pop();
}
puts("");
printf("Queue 6:\n");
while(!que6.empty()){
printf("%3d",que6.top());
que6.pop();
}
puts("");
return 0;
}