作为WEB开发人员在开发过程中总是需要测试各种请求
常规的方法则是启动WEB服务器 测试 出错 停掉WEB 改代码 重启WEB 测试
大量的时间都浪费在WEB服务器的启动上
今天给大家介绍一种不用启动WEB 直接采用单元测试的方法来测试请求是否准确
该方法基于SpringMVC 与 Spring Test 框架
如果大家对SpringMVC的基本知识不了解,请先百度一下.
首先是控制器代码
- package com.spring;
- import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.util.List;
- import java.util.Map;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
- import org.json.JSONObject;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
- import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
- import org.springframework.ui.Model;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
- import org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader;
- import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
- import org.springframework.web.context.support.WebApplicationContextUtils;
- import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
- @Controller
- @RequestMapping(value = "/spring")
- public class Action {
- @Autowired
- Teacher teacher;
- // spring 支持restful的格式
- @ResponseBody
- @RequestMapping(value = "/rest/{ownerId}.do", method = RequestMethod.GET)
- public String findOwner(@PathVariable String ownerId, Model model,
- HttpServletResponse rep) throws IOException {
- return ownerId;
- }
- @RequestMapping(value = "/test.do", method = RequestMethod.GET)
- public String testa(Model model, HttpServletResponse rep)
- throws IOException {
- model.addAttribute("abc", "efd");
- model.addAttribute(teacher);
- return "a";
- }
- @ResponseBody
- // 理论上可以@ResponseBody 支持直接返回teacher对象 但是3.2里有问题 我们还是老实返回字符串吧
- @RequestMapping(value = "/testb.do", method = RequestMethod.GET)
- public String testb(Model model, HttpServletResponse rep,
- HttpServletRequest req, String ex) throws IOException {
- // WEB中获得SPRING容器
- WebApplicationContext wac = WebApplicationContextUtils
- .getRequiredWebApplicationContext(req.getServletContext());
- return new JSONObject(wac.getBean(Teacher.class)).toString();
- }
- @ResponseBody
- @RequestMapping(value = "/post.do", method = RequestMethod.POST)
- public String post(Model model, HttpServletResponse rep,
- HttpServletRequest req, String ex) throws IOException {
- return new JSONObject(req.getParameterMap()).toString();
- }
- }
再上单元测试代码
- import java.awt.print.Printable;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
- import org.junit.Before;
- import org.junit.Test;
- import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
- import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
- import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
- import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
- import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;
- import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
- import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultHandler;
- import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultMatcher;
- import org.springframework.ui.Model;
- import org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionConfiguration;
- import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
- import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers.*;
- import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders.*;
- import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.*;
- import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.*;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
- import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
- @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
- @WebAppConfiguration
- @ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:applicationContext.xml" })
- //当然 你可以声明一个事务管理 每个单元测试都进行事务回滚 无论成功与否
- @TransactionConfiguration(defaultRollback = true)
- //记得要在XML文件中声明事务哦~~~我是采用注解的方式
- @Transactional
- public class ExampleTests {
- @Autowired
- private WebApplicationContext wac;
- private MockMvc mockMvc;
- @Before
- public void setup() {
- // webAppContextSetup 注意上面的static import
- // webAppContextSetup 构造的WEB容器可以添加fileter 但是不能添加listenCLASS
- // WebApplicationContext context =
- // ContextLoader.getCurrentWebApplicationContext();
- // 如果控制器包含如上方法 则会报空指针
- this.mockMvc = webAppContextSetup(this.wac).build();
- }
- @Test
- //有些单元测试你不希望回滚
- @Rollback(false)
- public void ownerId() throws Exception {
- mockMvc.perform((get("/spring/rest/4.do"))).andExpect(status().isOk())
- .andDo(print());
- }
- @Test
- public void test() throws Exception {
- mockMvc.perform((get("/spring/test.do"))).andExpect(status().isOk())
- .andDo(print())
- .andExpect(model().attributeHasNoErrors("teacher"));
- }
- @Test
- public void testb() throws Exception {
- mockMvc.perform((get("/spring/testb.do"))).andExpect(status().isOk())
- .andDo(print());
- }
- @Test
- public void getAccount() throws Exception {
- mockMvc.perform((post("/spring/post.do").param("abc", "def")))
- .andExpect(status().isOk()).andDo(print());
- }
- }