Rust-Types 类型

Rust

types 类型

casting 转换

1. as：显式类型转换

   • let integer = decimal as u8;

2. 不提供隐式类型转换

   • let integer: u8 = decimal; //错误

3. #![allow(overflowing_literals)]：不显示类型转换产生的溢出警告

4. 运行测试

   //不显示类型转换产生的溢出警告
   #![allow(overflowing_literals)]
   fn main(){
       //casting 类型转换
       let decimal = 65.4321f32;
       //as关键字实现显式类型转换
       let integer = decimal as u8;
       let _character = integer as char;
       //不提供如下隐式类型转换
       //let integer: u8 = decimal;
       
       //unsigned number and signed number
       let num = 1000;
       println!("{}：{:b} as u32 is {:032b}", 
           num, num, num as u32);
       println!("{}：{:b} as u8 is {:8b}", 
           num, num, num as u8);   //类似对2^8取模
           // 232 的二进制补码是 -24
           println!(" 232 as a i8 is : {}", 232 as i8);
   }
   

literals 字面量

1. let x = 1u8; //后缀说明
2. let f: f32 = 1.0; //常规说明
3. let n = 1; //默认

inference 推断

fn main() {
    //inference 推断
    //elem类型为u8
    let elem = 5u8;
    //只知道vec某东西构成的向量Vec<_>，不知道具体类型
    let mut vec = Vec::new();
    //编译器推断得到vec为u8类型的向量
    vec.push(elem);
    println!("vec：{:?}", vec);
}

Aliasing 别名

1. type关键字起别名

2. 别名为驼峰式：如CamelCase（原生类型i8等例外）

   • #![allow(non_camel_case_types)]：允许非驼峰式起别名

3. 运行测试

   //允许非驼峰式起别名
   #![allow(non_camel_case_types)]
   
   //为u64起别名
   type Inch = u64;
   type u64_t = u64;   //宏允许非驼峰式别名
   
   fn main(){
       let inch: Inch = 2 as u64_t;
       println!("inch = {}", inch);
   }