Hive(DLL)

Hive DDL
Data Definition Language
create  drop alter


Database
数据库：必然是包含一系列的表
是对应HDFS上的一个文件夹
default： /user/hive/warehouse


CREATE (DATABASE|SCHEMA) [IF NOT EXISTS] database_name
[COMMENT database_comment]
[LOCATION hdfs_path]
[WITH DBPROPERTIES (property_name=property_value, ...)];


CREATE DATABASE ruoze_hive;


/user/hive/warehouse/ruoze_hive.db


Execution Error, return code 1 from org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.DDLTask. 
Database ruoze_hive already exists


CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS ruoze_hive;


CREATE DATABASE ruoze_hive2 LOCATION "/ruoze_hive2";


CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS ruoze_hive3 
COMMENT "it is my database"
WITH DBPROPERTIES ("creator"="ruoze", "date"="2018-08-08")
;

数据库名存在DBS;    键值对存在 DATABASE_PARAMS;    表信息 TBLS;    表参数信息TABLE_PARAMS

这些信息就是从统一元数据里来的

desc database extended ruoze_hive3;

ALTER (DATABASE|SCHEMA) database_name SET DBPROPERTIES (property_name=property_value, ...);   -- (Note: SCHEMA added in Hive 0.14.0)
 
ALTER (DATABASE|SCHEMA) database_name SET OWNER [USER|ROLE] user_or_role;   -- (Note: Hive 0.13.0 and later; SCHEMA added in Hive 0.14.0)
 
ALTER (DATABASE|SCHEMA) database_name SET LOCATION hdfs_path; -- (Note: Hive 2.2.1, 2.4.0 and later)


ALTER DATABASE ruoze_hive3 SET DBPROPERTIES 
("update"="J");   
  
  
DROP (DATABASE|SCHEMA) [IF EXISTS] database_name [RESTRICT|CASCADE];  
  
DROP DATABASE ruoze_hive2; 
FAILED: Execution Error, return code 1 from org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.DDLTask. InvalidOperationException(message:
Database ruoze_hive2 is not empty. 
One or more tables exist.)

Hive数据类型
int
bigint   ===> long
float 
double
string
boolean   TRUE/FALSE  ==> 用1/0替换
date/timestamp   用string替换 
decimal    精度很高,银行用到

数值/字符串


分隔符    
\n   行与行之间的分隔符   默认
\001  ^A  列与列之间的分割符   \t  " " $$$ 等
\002  ^B  数组与结构体
\003  ^C  map


zhangsan,30,shanghai


zhangsan$$$30$$$shanghai

CTAS??CREATE TABLE AS SELECT

Bucketed Sorted Tables 对于调优很重要

CREATE [TEMPORARY] [EXTERNAL] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] [db_name.]table_name    -- (Note: TEMPORARY available in Hive 0.14.0 and later)
  [(col_name data_type [COMMENT col_comment], ... [constraint_specification])]
  [COMMENT table_comment]
  [PARTITIONED BY (col_name data_type [COMMENT col_comment], ...)]
  [CLUSTERED BY (col_name, col_name, ...) [SORTED BY (col_name [ASC|DESC], ...)] INTO num_buckets BUCKETS]
  [SKEWED BY (col_name, col_name, ...)                  -- (Note: Available in Hive 0.10.0 and later)]
     ON ((col_value, col_value, ...), (col_value, col_value, ...), ...)
     [STORED AS DIRECTORIES]
  [
   [ROW FORMAT row_format] 
   [STORED AS file_format]
     | STORED BY 'storage.handler.class.name' [WITH SERDEPROPERTIES (...)]  -- (Note: Available in Hive 0.6.0 and later)
  ]
  [LOCATION hdfs_path]
  [TBLPROPERTIES (property_name=property_value, ...)]   -- (Note: Available in Hive 0.6.0 and later)
  [AS select_statement];   -- (Note: Available in Hive 0.5.0 and later; not supported for external tables)
  
  
  
  
CREATE TABLE emp (
empno int,
ename string,
job string,
mgr int,
hiredate string,
salary double,
comm double,
deptno int
) ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY "\t";


LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH "/home/hadoop/data/emp.txt" OVERWRITE INTO TABLE emp;


create table ruoze_emp2 like emp;
desc formatted emp;



MANAGED_TABLE vs EXTERNAL




内部 MANAGED_TABLE  删除  HDFS+META  DELETE
外部 EXTERNAL       删除  META DELETE 


经过测试：
Q:什么场景该使用EXTERNAL
A:从数据的安全角度来看,外部更安全.删掉的只是元数据,怕误操作.

Hive+Sentry(**整合比较多,不同用户有不同权限)
hadoop上的数据一般只保留7~15天,然后移动到冷集群.移动的时候要同步把元数据更新.

数据备份/移动    涉及到很多调整


CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE ruoze_emp_external (
empno int,
ename string,
job string,
mgr int,
hiredate string,
salary double,
comm double,
deptno int
) ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY "\t"
LOCATION '/external/ruoze_emp_external';


LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH "/home/hadoop/data/emp.txt" OVERWRITE INTO TABLE emp;



DML


LOAD DATA [LOCAL] INPATH 'filepath' [OVERWRITE] INTO TABLE tablename [PARTITION (partcol1=val1, partcol2=val2 ...)]


LOCAL：本地系统
非LOCAL： HDFS


OVERWRITE: 覆盖
非OVERWRITE：追加


create table ruoze_dept(
deptno int,
dname string,
loc string
) ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY "\t"


LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH "/home/hadoop/data/dept.txt" OVERWRITE INTO TABLE ruoze_dept;


  
  
LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH "/home/hadoop/data/emp.txt"  INTO TABLE emp;


INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE ruoze_emp2 select * from emp;