Android 7.0 拍照 FileUriExposedException

最近开发项目遇到7.0 拍照崩溃记录此问题

这个异常只会在Android 7.0+ 上会出现此问题，当app使用file:// url 共享给其他app时， 会抛出这个异常
官方推荐使用FileProvider 来解决此问题

• 第一步在manifest.xml文件添加provider，相机，读写文件权限

• 第二步在appliction 节点中插入代码,注意 android:authorities 里面的值，在后面使用的getUriForFile(Context, String, File) 中， 第二个参数就是这个里面的值，请务必填写正确。

  <provider
       android:name="android.support.v4.content.FileProvider"
       android:authorities="com.example.android.fileprovider"
       android:exported="false"
       android:grantUriPermissions="true">
       <meta-data
           android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
           android:resource="@xml/provider_paths"></meta-data>
    </provider>

• 第三步在res节点下创建xml包并添加provider_paths.xml文件

  <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
  <paths xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <external-path name="external_files" path="."/>
  </paths>

paths 可配置选项

<files-path name="name" path="path" /> //相当 Context.getFilesDir() + path, name是分享url的一部分

<cache-path name="name" path="path" /> //getCacheDir()

<external-path name="name" path="path" /> //Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()

<external-files-path name="name" path="path" />//getExternalFilesDir(String) Context.getExternalFilesDir(null)

<external-cache-path name="name" path="path" /> //Context.getExternalCacheDir()

• 第4步在activity中调用拍照版本高于或等于android 7.0使用FileProvider.getUriForFile 否则使用Uri.fromFile(file);

 /**
     * 打开系统相机
     */
    private void openCamera() {
        File file = new FileStorage().createIconFile();
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {
            //通过FileProvider创建一个content类型的Uri ,和清单文件保持一致
            imageUri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(this, "com.example.android.fileprovider", file);
        } else {
            imageUri = Uri.fromFile(file);
        }
        Intent intent = new Intent();
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {
            intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION); //添加这一句表示对目标应用临时授权该Uri所代表的文件
        }
        intent.setAction(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);//设置Action为拍照
        intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, imageUri);//将拍取的照片保存到指定URI
        startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_CAPTURE);
    }

 public File createIconFile() {
        String fileName = "";
        if (iconDir != null) {
            fileName = UUID.randomUUID().toString() + ".png";
        }
        return new File(iconDir, fileName);
    }

• File file = new FileStorage().createIconFile();
  创建文件

public class FileStorage {
    private File cropIconDir;
    private File iconDir;

    public FileStorage() {
        if (Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED.equals(Environment.getExternalStorageState())) {
            File external = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory();
            String rootDir = "/" + "image";
            cropIconDir = new File(external, rootDir + "/crop");
            if (!cropIconDir.exists()) {
                cropIconDir.mkdirs();

            }
            iconDir = new File(external, rootDir + "/icon");
            if (!iconDir.exists()) {
                iconDir.mkdirs();

            }
        }
    }

    public File createCropFile() {
        String fileName = "";
        if (cropIconDir != null) {
            fileName = UUID.randomUUID().toString() + ".png";
        }
        return new File(cropIconDir, fileName);
    }

    public File createIconFile() {
        String fileName = "";
        if (iconDir != null) {
            fileName = UUID.randomUUID().toString() + ".png";
        }
        return new File(iconDir, fileName);
    }

}

• 裁剪

 /**
     * 裁剪
     */
    private void cropPhoto() {
        File file = new FileStorage().createCropFile();
        Uri outputUri = Uri.fromFile(file);//缩略图保存地址
        Intent intent = new Intent("com.android.camera.action.CROP");
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {
            intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION);
        }
        intent.setDataAndType(imageUri, "image/*");
        intent.putExtra("crop", "true");
        intent.putExtra("aspectX", 1);
        intent.putExtra("aspectY", 1);
        intent.putExtra("scale", true);
        intent.putExtra("return-data", false);
        intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, outputUri);
        intent.putExtra("outputFormat", Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG.toString());
        intent.putExtra("noFaceDetection", true);
        startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_PICTURE_CUT);
    }

• 第5步 activity

  @Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
        //此处为系统拍照截图返回
        cameraProxy.onResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
        switch (requestCode) {
            case REQUEST_CAPTURE://拍照
                if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
                    cropPhoto();
                }
                break;
            case REQUEST_PICTURE_CUT://裁剪完成
                spUtil.setUserHead(imageUri.getPath());
                break;
  
        }
    }