本篇经过博主同意方才转载,原文地址:http://blog.csdn.net/qq_26787115/article/details/51223939
Android For JNI(四)——C的数组,指针长度,堆内存和栈内存,malloc,学生管理系统
好几天每写JNI了,现在任务也越来越重了,工作的强度有点高,还有好几个系列的博客要等着更新,几本书还嗷嗷待哺的等着我去看,github上的两个散漫的开源,基础入门的视频也在录制,还要学习新的知识,
都是一种挑战,不知道为何,最近懒散了,看来还得再加把劲,今天我们继续延伸一下C的一些小知识
一.数组
C的数组和Java也是类似的,我们写一段小程序
<code class="hljs cpp has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <stdio.h> </span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <stdlib.h> </span> main(){ <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">char</span> c [] =<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"lgl"</span>; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//打印 每个元素的地址 </span> <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"%#x\n"</span>,&c[<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>]); <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"%#x\n"</span>,&c[<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>]); a <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"%#x\n"</span>,&c[<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2</span>]); <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"%#x\n"</span>,&c[<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">3</span>]); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//让窗口停留 </span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> age ; <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">scanf</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"%d"</span>,&age); }</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li></ul>
我们打印一下这个数组的每个元素的内存地址,会惊奇的发现内存地址是连续的
我们继续理解
<code class="hljs rsl has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//打印C的地址</span> <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"%#x\n"</span>,&c); </code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul>
我们打印C的地址
得到的结论是第一个内存地址,由此我们归纳
- 数组的内存空间是连续的
- 数组变量保存的是第0个元素的地址
<code class="hljs perl has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"> //字符数组的地址,就是一个字符的地址 char* p = &c; <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"第0个元素的值<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%c</span>\n"</span>,<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">*(</span>c + <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>)); <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"第0个元素的值<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%c</span>\n"</span>,<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">*(</span>c + <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>)); <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"第0个元素的值<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%c</span>\n"</span>,<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">*(</span>c + <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2</span>));</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul>
这里,我们就可以拿到lgl这是哪个数了
当然,如果是int类型的话,就需要位移四个单位了
二.指针长度
指针我们可以存地址,我们要想知道他的长度有多长,我们就得去测试一下
<code class="hljs cpp has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <stdio.h> </span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <stdlib.h> </span> main(){ <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"int*的长度是%d\n"</span>,<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">sizeof</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span>*)); <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"double*的长度是%d\n"</span>,<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">sizeof</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">double</span>*)); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//让窗口停留 </span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> age ; <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">scanf</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"%d"</span>,&age); }</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li></ul>
输出的结果
指针长度为4,因为32位的环境,内存长度为4,足够了
三.堆内存和栈内存
JAVA也有类似的说法,我们定义一个变量,就在内存中开辟一个控件,那具体开辟在哪呢,这就要看我们的类型了,我这里画张图,好理解一下
在JAVA中,我们定义一个变量比如int i是在栈内存开辟控件,persion p 也是,但是我们new了之后,对象是在堆内存里。在C中,我们没有new,我们有一个申请内存的函数malloc,但是java也有其他的因果,比如我们写个数组,其实k就在栈内存,但是数组对象却在堆内存
堆和栈的区别:
-
1.申请方式
栈:
由系统自动分配.例如,声明一个局部变量int b; 系统自动在栈中为b开辟空间.例如当在调用涵数时,需要保存的变量,最明显的是在递归调用时,要系统自动分配一个栈的空间,后进先出的,而后又由系统释放这个空间.
堆:
需要程序员自己申请,并指明大小,在c中用malloc函数
如char* p1 = (char*) malloc(10); //14byte
但是注意p1本身是在栈中的. -
2 申请后系统的响应
栈:只要栈的剩余空间大于所申请空间,系统将为程序提供内存,否则将报异常提示栈溢出。
堆:首先应该知道操作系统有一个记录空闲内存地址的链表,当系统收到程序的申请时, 会遍历该链表,寻找第一个空间大于所申请空间的堆结点,然后将该结点从空闲结点链表中删除,并将该结点的空间分配给程序,另外,对于大多数系统,会在这块内存空间中的首地址处记录本次分配的大小,这样,代码中的delete语句才能正确的释放本内存空间。另外,由于找到的堆结点的大小不一定正好等于申请的大小,系统会自动的将多余的那部分重新放入空闲链表中。 -
3.申请大小的限制
栈:在Windows下,栈是向低地址扩展的数据结构,是一块连续的内存的区域。这句话的意思是栈顶的地址和栈的最大容量是系统预先规定好的,在WINDOWS下,栈的大小是2M(vc编译选项中可以设置,其实就是一个STACK参数,缺省2M),如果申请的空间超过栈的剩余空间时,将提示overflow。因此,能从栈获得的空间较小。
堆:堆是向高地址扩展的数据结构,是不连续的内存区域。这是由于系统是用链表来存储的空闲内存地址的,自然是不连续的,而链表的遍历方向是由低地址向高地址。堆的大小受限于计算机系统中有效的虚拟内存。由此可见,堆获得的空间比较灵活,也比较大。 -
4.申请效率的比较:
栈:由系统自动分配,速度较快。但程序员是无法控制的。
堆:由malloc/new分配的内存,一般速度比较慢,而且容易产生内存碎片,不过用起来最方便. -
5.堆和栈中的存储内容
栈:在函数调用时,第一个进栈的是主函数中后的下一条指令(函数调用语句的下一条可执行语句)的地址,然后是函数的各个参数,在大多数的C编译器中,参数是由右往左入栈的,然后是函数中的局部变量。注意静态变量是不入栈的。
当本次函数调用结束后,局部变量先出栈,然后是参数,最后栈顶指针指向最开始存的地址,也就是主函数中的下一条指令,程序由该点继续运行。
堆:一般是在堆的头部用一个字节存放堆的大小。堆中的具体内容有程序员安排。 -
6.内存的回收
栈上分配的内存,编译器会自动收回;堆上分配的内存,要通过free来显式地收回,否则会造成内存泄漏。
堆和栈的区别可以用如下的比喻来看出: \
使用栈就像我们去饭馆里吃饭,只管点菜(发出申请)、付钱、和吃(使用),吃饱了就走,不必理会切菜、洗菜等准备工作和洗碗、刷锅等扫尾工作,他的好处是快捷,但是自由度小。
使用堆就像是自己动手做喜欢吃的菜肴,比较麻烦,但是比较符合自己的口味,而且自由度大。
四.malloc
既然了解了,那我们就来使用malloc申请堆内存
<code class="hljs cpp has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <stdio.h> </span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <stdlib.h> </span> main(){ <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//比如存三个int int是4位的 所以写12 这12个字节的内存地址是连续的,</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//他返回 的是堆内存的首地址 </span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span>* p = <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">malloc</span>(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">3</span> * <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">sizeof</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span>)); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//赋值</span> *(p + <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>) = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">3</span>; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//打印值 </span> <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"%d\n"</span>,*(p+<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>)); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// = 3?</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//打印地址</span> <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"%#x\n"</span>,(p+<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>)); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//让窗口停留 </span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> age ; <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">scanf</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"%d"</span>,&age); } </code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li></ul>
我们输出结果
申请之后怎么释放呢?
<code class="hljs scss has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//释放堆内存</span> <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;">free(p)</span>; </code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul>
我们可以尝试一下释放
<code class="hljs cpp has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <stdio.h> </span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <stdlib.h> </span> main(){ <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//比如存三个int int是4位的 所以写12 这12个字节的内存地址是连续的,</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//他返回 的是堆内存的首地址 </span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span>* p = <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">malloc</span>(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">3</span> * <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">sizeof</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span>)); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//赋值</span> *(p + <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>) = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">3</span>; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//打印值 </span> <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"%d\n"</span>,*(p+<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>)); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// = 3?</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//打印地址</span> <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"%#x\n"</span>,(p+<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>)); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//释放堆内存</span> <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">free</span>(p); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//打印值 </span> <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"%d\n"</span>,*(p+<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>)); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// = 3?</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//打印地址</span> <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"%#x\n"</span>,(p+<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>)); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//让窗口停留 </span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> age ; <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">scanf</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"%d"</span>,&age); } </code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li></ul>
我们会发现,内存释放了之后,值就变了,当然内存不可能被释放,而且P一直指向的是栈内存
五.后台管理系统
我们这里写个小例子,说起来这么高大上,其实就是一段小程序,学号管理id小程序,我们玩玩
程序本身还是很简单的,就是把前面几篇的小知识柔和在了一起
<code class="hljs cpp has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <stdio.h> </span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <stdlib.h> </span> main(){ <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"请输入班级人数:"</span>); <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> count ; <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">scanf</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"%d"</span>,&count); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//有多少个人就有多少个学号 </span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> i ; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//申请堆内存 保存学号</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span>* p = <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">malloc</span>(count * <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">sizeof</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span>)); <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">for</span>(i = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>; i <= count; i++){ <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"请输入第%d个学生的学号:"</span>,i); <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">scanf</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"%d"</span>,(p + i - <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>)); } <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 打印所有的学号 </span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">for</span>(i = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>; i <= count; i++){ <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"第%d个学生的学号是%d\n"</span>,i,*(p+i-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>)); } <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> age ; <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">scanf</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"%d"</span>,&age); system(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"pause"</span>); } </code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">34</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">35</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">36</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">34</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">35</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">36</li></ul>
运行一下就知道效果了
当然,我们既然是管理系统,插入嘛,我们继续往下写
我们这里会接触到一个新的API,我们看下去
<code class="hljs cpp has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <stdio.h> </span> <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <stdlib.h> </span> main(){ <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"请输入班级人数:"</span>); <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> count ; <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">scanf</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"%d"</span>,&count); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//有多少个人就有多少个学号 </span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> i ; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//申请堆内存 保存学号</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span>* p = <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">malloc</span>(count * <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">sizeof</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span>)); <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">for</span>(i = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>; i <= count; i++){ <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"请输入第%d个学生的学号:"</span>,i); <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">scanf</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"%d"</span>,(p + i - <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>)); } <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//插入 </span> <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"请输入要插入的人数:"</span>); <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> newCount; <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">scanf</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"%d"</span>,&newCount); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//重新申请堆内存 </span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//在原有的内存中扩展新的空间 </span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//当然,前提要确定可不可以扩展,如果内存被暂用,系统会自动分配内存 </span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//新内存会把旧内存拷贝过去,并且释放旧的内存 </span> p = realloc(p,(count + newCount) * <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">sizeof</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span>)); <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">for</span>(i = count+<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>; i <= count+newCount; i++){ <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"请输入第%d个学生的学号:"</span>,i); <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">scanf</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"%d"</span>,(p + i - <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>)); } <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 打印所有的学号 </span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">for</span>(i = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>; i <= count + newCount; i++){ <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"第%d个学生的学号是%d\n"</span>,i,*(p+i-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>)); } <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> age ; <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">scanf</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"%d"</span>,&age); system(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"pause"</span>); } </code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">34</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">35</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">36</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">37</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">38</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">39</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">40</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">41</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">42</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">43</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">44</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">45</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">46</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">47</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">48</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">49</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">50</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">51</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">52</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">53</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">54</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">55</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">34</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">35</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">36</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">37</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">38</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">39</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">40</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">41</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">42</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">43</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">44</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">45</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">46</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">47</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">48</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">49</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">50</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">51</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">52</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">53</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">54</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">55</li></ul>
这里注意的就是realloc了,注释也很明了的解析了,我们运行一下
OK,暂时学到这里!!