android Fragment 简单的使用

本文是根据”鸿洋_”一篇博客来写的
这里只是自己写了一份 基本都是copy的

贴一份fragment的生命周期

代码运行效图 ：
最上面是一个Fragment ,是在xml 中添加的，中间那部分就是要切换的Fragment

• Activity XML 文件

  第一个fragment 是直接在xml 布局里面就加载Fragment 也就是 android:name=”com.example.animate.fragment.fragment”这句话，在xml 加载Fragment 一般都是不要变动的fragment 比如标题等等
  第二个Fragment 是在代码中加载的 一般都是经常会变动的

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <fragment
        android:id="@+id/icon"
        android:name="com.example.animate.fragment.fragment"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="45dp" />

    <FrameLayout
        android:id="@+id/id_content"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="fill_parent"
        android:layout_above="@id/id_ly_bottombar"
        android:layout_below="@id/icon" />

    <include
        android:id="@+id/id_ly_bottombar"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="55dp"
        android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
        layout="@layout/fragmentcenter" />

</RelativeLayout>

• Activity java 代码

package com.example.animate.fragment;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.FragmentManager;
import android.app.FragmentTransaction;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.Window;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;

public class MainActivity extends Activity implements View.OnClickListener {
    private LinearLayout mTabWeixin;
    private LinearLayout mTabFriend;

    private fragment2 fragment2;
    private fragment3 fragment3;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        mTabWeixin = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.radio_community);
        mTabFriend = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.radio_service);
        mTabWeixin.setOnClickListener(this);
        mTabFriend.setOnClickListener(this);
        setDefaultFragment();

    }

    private void setDefaultFragment() {
        FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager();
        FragmentTransaction transaction = fm.beginTransaction();
        fragment2 = new fragment2();
        transaction.replace(R.id.id_content, fragment2);
        transaction.commit();
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager();
        // 开启Fragment事务
        FragmentTransaction transaction = fm.beginTransaction();

        switch (v.getId()) {
            case R.id.radio_community:
                if (fragment2 == null) {
                    fragment2 = new fragment2();
                }
                // 使用当前Fragment的布局替代id_content的控件
                transaction.replace(R.id.id_content, fragment2);
                break;
            case R.id.radio_service:
                if (fragment3 == null) {
                    fragment3 = new fragment3();
                }
                transaction.replace(R.id.id_content, fragment3);
                break;
        }
        // transaction.addToBackStack();
        // 事务提交
        transaction.commit();

    }
}

• fragment java 代码

package com.example.animate.fragment;

import android.app.Fragment;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.ImageButton;
import android.widget.Toast;

/**
 * Created by Administrator on 2016/6/20 0020.
 */
public class fragment extends Fragment {
    private ImageButton mLeftMenu;

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {

        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.staitcfragment1, container, false);
        mLeftMenu = (ImageButton) view.findViewById(R.id.id_title_left_btn);
        mLeftMenu.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Toast.makeText(getActivity(),
                        "么么哒 ",
                        Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
        return view;
    }
}

fragment xml代码

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="45dp"
    android:background="#2D9FF0" >

    <ImageButton
        android:id="@+id/id_title_left_btn"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_centerVertical="true"
        android:layout_marginLeft="3dp"
        android:background="@drawable/home_4" />

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="fill_parent"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:text="fragment1"
        android:textColor="#fff"
        android:textSize="20sp"
        android:textStyle="bold" />

</RelativeLayout>  

fragment2 和fragment3 基本一样布局也就是一个textview

package com.example.animate.fragment;

import android.app.Fragment;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;

/**
 * Created by Administrator on 2016/6/20 0020.
 */
public class fragment2 extends Fragment {
    @Nullable
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        return  inflater.inflate(R.layout.staitcfragment2,container,false);
    }
}

如果Fragment在加载布局文件的是时候用 inflater.inflate(R.layout.staitcfragment2,container);时可能会报java.lang.IllegalStateException: The specified child already has a parent. You must call removeView() on the child’s parent first.错误 ，所以还是选择 inflater.inflate(R.layout.staitcfragment2,container,false);

Fragment家族常用的API
Fragment常用的三个类：
android.app.Fragment 主要用于定义Fragment
android.app.FragmentManager 主要用于在Activity中操作Fragment
android.app.FragmentTransaction