1. python
2. Python机器学习的库:scikit-learn
2.1: 特性:
简单高效的数据挖掘和机器学习分析对所有用户开放,根据不同需求高度可重用性基于Numpy, SciPy和matplotlib开源,商用级别:获得 BSD许可
2.2 覆盖问题领域:
分类(classification), 回归(regression), 聚类(clustering), 降维(dimensionality reduction)
模型选择(model selection), 预处理(preprocessing)
3. 使用用scikit-learn
安装scikit-learn: pip, easy_install, windows installer
安装必要package:numpy, SciPy和matplotlib, 可使用Anaconda (包含numpy, scipy等科学计算常用
package)
安装注意问题:Python解释器版本(2.7 or 3.4?), 32-bit or 64-bit系统
4. 例子:
具体代码如下:
from sklearn.feature_extraction import DictVectorizer
import csv
from sklearn import tree
from sklearn import preprocessing
# 从csv中读取数据
allElectronicsData = open(r'D:\BaiduNetdiskDownload\代码与素材\代码与素材(1)\01DTree\AllElectronics.csv', 'rt')
reader = csv.reader(allElectronicsData)
headers = next(reader)
# print(headers)
# 把特征数据以字典的形式读取到featureList,把标签数据存储到labelList
featureList = []
labelList = []
for row in reader:
labelList.append(row[len(row)-1])
rowDict = {}
for i in range(1, len(row)-1):
rowDict[headers[i]] = row[i]
featureList.append(rowDict)
# print(featureList)
# print(labelList)
# Vetorize features
vec = DictVectorizer()
dummyX = vec.fit_transform(featureList) .toarray()
print("dummyX: " + str(dummyX))
print(vec.get_feature_names())
print("labelList: " + str(labelList))
# vectorize class labels
lb = preprocessing.LabelBinarizer()
dummyY = lb.fit_transform(labelList)
print("dummyY: " + str(dummyY))
# Using decision tree for classification
clf = tree.DecisionTreeClassifier(criterion='entropy')
clf = clf.fit(dummyX, dummyY)
print("clf: " + str(clf))
# Visualize model
with open("allElectronicInformationGainOri.dot", 'w') as f:
f = tree.export_graphviz(clf, feature_names=vec.get_feature_names(), out_file=f)
# 构造一行数据
oneRowX = dummyX[0, :]
print("oneRowX: " + str(oneRowX))
newRowX = oneRowX
newRowX[0] = 1
newRowX[2] = 0
print("newRowX: " + str(newRowX))
# 预测
predictedY = clf.predict(newRowX)
print("predictedY: " + str(predictedY))
配置环境变量
转化dot文件至pdf可视化决策树:dot -Tpdf iris.dot -o outpu.pdf