【rabbitmq】绑定死信队列示例

1. 说明

• 1.正常队列绑定死信交换机和死信routing_key，正常队列中的消息在特殊情况下变为死信时，将死信通过绑定的死信交换机转移到死信队列中。
• 2.死信队列说明。
• 3.这里演示的是10秒未消费的消息，进入死信队列。

2. 截图示例

• 1.消息未过期
  
• 2.消息10秒后过期，进入死信队列
  
• 3.项目结构图
  

3. 代码示例

• 1.pom依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.5.4</version>
    </parent>

    <groupId>com.learning</groupId>
    <artifactId>springboot</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            <version>2.5.4</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <version>2.5.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <!--打jar包使用-->
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

• 2.application.yaml

spring:
  rabbitmq:
    host: 192.168.2.11
    port: 5672
    username: admin
    password: admin
    virtual-host: /

• 3.RabbitMQConfig配置类

package com.learning.config;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

/**
 * rabbitmq配置类
 */
@Configuration  
public class RabbitMQConfig{

    /**
     * 正常交换机名
     */
    public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "topic_exchange";

    /**
     * 正常队列名
     */
    public static final String QUEUE_NAME = "topic_queue";
  
    @Bean("topic_queue")
    public Queue queue() {
        Queue queue = new Queue(QUEUE_NAME, true, false, false);
        // 设置死信交换机
        queue.addArgument("x-dead-letter-exchange", "dlx_exchange");
        // 设置死信routingkey
        queue.addArgument("x-dead-letter-routing-key", "dlx_routing_key");
        // 设置队列的过期时间
        queue.addArgument("x-message-ttl", 10000);
        // 设置队列的长度限制
        queue.addArgument("x-max-length", 10);
        return queue;
    }

    /**
     * 主题模式，这里按实际业务切换不同模式
     * @return
     */
    @Bean("topic_exchange")
    public Exchange exchange() {
        return ExchangeBuilder.topicExchange(EXCHANGE_NAME).durable(true).build();
    }  
  
    @Bean  
    public Binding binding(@Qualifier("topic_queue") Queue queue,@Qualifier("topic_exchange") Exchange exchange) {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with("topic_routing_key").noargs();
    }

    public static final String DLX_QUEUE_NAME = "dlx_queue";

    public static final String DLX_EXCHANGE_NAME = "dlx_exchange";

    @Bean("dlx_queue")
    public Queue dlxQueue() {
        return new Queue(DLX_QUEUE_NAME, true);
    }

    @Bean("dlx_exchange")
    public Exchange dlxExchange() {
        return ExchangeBuilder.topicExchange(DLX_EXCHANGE_NAME).durable(true).build();
    }

    @Bean
    public Binding dlxBinding(@Qualifier("dlx_queue") Queue queue,@Qualifier("dlx_exchange") Exchange exchange) {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with("dlx_routing_key").noargs();
    }
}

• 4.测试类

package com.learning;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

/**
 * @Author wangyouhui
 * @Description
 **/
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class RabbitMQTest {

    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    @Test
    public void test1(){
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("topic_exchange", "topic_routing_key", "测试死信消息，10秒过期");
    }
}