1. 面向对象特征之三:多态性
面向对象特征之三:多态性
1.理解多态性:可以理解为一个事物的多种形态。
2.何为多态性:
对象的多态性:父类的引用指向子类的对象(或子类的对象赋给父类的引用)
3. 多态的使用:虚拟方法调用
有了对象的多态性以后,我们在编译期,只能调用父类中声明的方法,但在运行期,我们实际执行的是子类重写父类的方法。
总结:编译,看左边;运行,看右边。
4.多态性的使用前提: ① 类的继承关系 ② 方法的重写
5.对象的多态性,只适用于方法,不适用于属性(编译和运行都看左边)
public class Person {
String name;
int age;
int id = 1001;
public void eat() {
System.out.println("人:吃饭");
}
public void walk() {
System.out.println("人:走路");
}
}
public class Man extends Person {
boolean isSmoking;
int id = 1002;
public void earnMoney() {
System.out.println("男人负责挣钱养家");
}
public void eat() {
System.out.println("男人多吃肉,长肌肉");
}
public void walk() {
System.out.println("男人霸气的走路");
}
}
public class Woman extends Person {
boolean isBeauty;
public void goShopping() {
System.out.println("女人喜欢购物");
}
public void eat() {
System.out.println("女人少吃,为了减肥");
}
public void walk() {
System.out.println("女人窈窕的走路");
}
}
public class PersonTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Person p1 = new Person();
p1.eat();
Man man = new Man();
man.eat();
man.age = 25;
man.earnMoney();
// *************************************************
System.out.println("*******************");
// 对象的多态性:父类的引用指向子类的对象
Person p2 = new Man();
// Person p3 = new Woman();
// 多态的使用:当调用子父类同名同参数的方法时,实际执行的是子类重写父类的方法 ---虚拟方法调用
p2.eat();
p2.walk();
// p2.earnMoney();
System.out.println(p2.id);// 1001
}
}
import java.sql.Connection;
//多态性的使用举例一:
public class AnimalTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
AnimalTest test = new AnimalTest();
test.func(new Dog());
test.func(new Cat());
}
public void func(Animal animal) {// Animal animal = new Dog();
animal.eat();
animal.shout();
if (animal instanceof Dog) {
Dog d = (Dog) animal;
d.watchDoor();
}
}
// public void func(Dog dog){
// dog.eat();
// dog.shout();
// }
// public void func(Cat cat){
// cat.eat();
// cat.shout();
// }
}
class Animal {
public void eat() {
System.out.println("动物:进食");
}
public void shout() {
System.out.println("动物:叫");
}
}
class Dog extends Animal {
public void eat() {
System.out.println("狗吃骨头");
}
public void shout() {
System.out.println("汪!汪!汪!");
}
public void watchDoor() {
System.out.println("看门");
}
}
class Cat extends Animal {
public void eat() {
System.out.println("猫吃鱼");
}
public void shout() {
System.out.println("喵!喵!喵!");
}
}
// 举例二:
class Order {
public void method(Object obj) {
}
}
// 举例三:
class Driver {
public void doData(Connection conn) {// conn = new MySQlConnection(); / conn = new OracleConnection();
// 规范的步骤去操作数据
// conn.method1();
// conn.method2();
// conn.method3();
}
}
2. 面试题
import java.util.Random;
//面试题:多态是编译时行为还是运行时行为?
//证明如下:
class Animal {
protected void eat() {
System.out.println("animal eat food");
}
}
class Cat extends Animal {
protected void eat() {
System.out.println("cat eat fish");
}
}
class Dog extends Animal {
public void eat() {
System.out.println("Dog eat bone");
}
}
class Sheep extends Animal {
public void eat() {
System.out.println("Sheep eat grass");
}
}
public class InterviewTest {
public static Animal getInstance(int key) {
switch (key) {
case 0:
return new Cat();
case 1:
return new Dog();
default:
return new Sheep();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int key = new Random().nextInt(3);
System.out.println(key);
Animal animal = getInstance(key);
animal.eat();
}
}