1.布尔筛选 data.loc[(data['a'] ==a1)&(data ['B'] ==b1),['A','B']]2.data.apply ( func, axis=0)#axis=0 defines that function is to be applied on each column3.#对于类别变量 填补缺失值from scipy.stats import mode mode(data['Gender'])data['Gender'].fillna(mode(data['Gender']).mode[0], inplace=True) 4.#利用多元变量组合 对 其他变量分类 创建透视表impute_grps = data.pivot_table(values=["LoanAmount"], index=["Gender","Married","Self_Employed"], aggfunc=np.mean) 5.利用上面的分类情况 填补缺失值#iterate only through rows with missing LoanAmount for i,row in data.loc[data['LoanAmount'].isnull(),:].iterrows(): ind = tuple([row['Gender'],row['Married'],row['Self_Employed']])#得到缺失值所对应的三元组 data.loc[i,'LoanAmount'] = impute_grps.loc[ind].values[0]#查询 多维索引 6.#crosstab 用于可视化 一个取值做行标签一个做列标签 查看相关关系pd.crosstab(data["Credit_History"],data["Loan_Status"],margins=True) 7.#merge合并 8.#排序data_sorted = data.sort_values(['ApplicantIncome','CoapplicantIncome'], ascending=False) 9.#plotting(Boxlplot Histogram) 比较分布 ApplicantIncome(通过 Loan_Status分类)查看不同取值对分布有无影响%matplotlib inline data.boxplot(column="ApplicantIncome",by="Loan_Status")data.hist(column="ApplicantIncome",by="Loan_Status",bins=30) 10 分组pd.cut() :传入三个切分点四个标签分为四组 用于变量分组离散化def binning(col, cut_points, labels=None): minval = col.min() maxval = col.max() break_points = [minval] + cut_points + [maxval]#连接列表 五个值 if not labels: labels = range(len(cut_points)+1) colBin = pd.cut(col,bins=break_points,labels=labels,include_lowest=True) return colBin #Binning age: cut_points = [90,140,190] labels = ["low","medium","high","very high"] data["LoanAmount_Bin"] = binning(data["LoanAmount"], cut_points, labels)#创建新特征 print pd.value_counts(data["LoanAmount_Bin"], sort=False) 11.编码标称数据 Low/low...对于输入有误意思一样的数据统一标示,细粒度区分合并 或者是变成数值型便于模型利用#Define a generic function using Pandas replace function def coding(col, codeDict): colCoded = pd.Series(col, copy=True) for key, value in codeDict.items(): colCoded.replace(key, value, inplace=True) return colCoded #Coding LoanStatus as Y=1, N=0: print 'Before Coding:' print pd.value_counts(data["Loan_Status"]) data["Loan_Status_Coded"] = coding(data["Loan_Status"], {'N':0,'Y':1}) print '\nAfter Coding:' print pd.value_counts(data["Loan_Status_Coded"])12.#防止变量类型不正确引起的麻
创建一个带有列名和类型的csv文件,用通用函数来读取文件并分配列数据类型
- 具有数字类别的类别变量被视为数字。
- 在其中一行中输入的字符(由于数据错误)的数字变量被认为是分类的
加载该文件后,我们可以遍历每一行,并使用列“type”将数据类型分配给“feature”列中定义的变量名。 for i, row in colTypes.iterrows(): #i: dataframe index; row: each row in series format if row['type']=="categorical": data[row['feature']]=data[row['feature']].astype(np.object) elif row['type']=="continuous": data[row['feature']]=data[row['feature']].astype(np.float) print data.dtypes
pandas 常用方法
最新推荐文章于 2023-06-17 15:43:06 发布