转载->作者:NULL00,Java中的深拷贝(深复制)和浅拷贝(浅复制)
深拷贝(深复制)和浅拷贝(浅复制)是两个比较通用的概念,尤其在C++语言中,若不弄懂,则会在delete的时候出问题,但是我们在这幸好用的是Java。虽然java自动管理对象的回收,但对于深拷贝(深复制)和浅拷贝(浅复制),我们还是要给予足够的重视,因为有时这两个概念往往会给我们带来不小的困惑。
浅拷贝是指拷贝对象时仅仅拷贝对象本身(包括对象中的基本变量),而不拷贝对象包含的引用指向的对象。深拷贝不仅拷贝对象本身,而且拷贝对象包含的引用指向的所有对象。举例来说更加清楚:对象A1中包含对B1的引用,B1中包含对C1的引用。浅拷贝A1得到A2,A2 中依然包含对B1的引用,B1中依然包含对C1的引用。深拷贝则是对浅拷贝的递归,深拷贝A1得到A2,A2中包含对B2(B1的copy)的引用,B2 中包含对C2(C1的copy)的引用。
若不对clone()方法进行改写,则调用此方法得到的对象即为浅拷贝,下面我们着重谈一下深拷贝。
运行下面的程序,看一看浅拷贝:
class Professor0implements Cloneable {
String name;
int age;
Professor0(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
return super.clone();
}
}
class Student0implements Cloneable {
String name;// 常量对象。
int age;
Professor0 p;// 学生1和学生2的引用值都是一样的。
Student0(String name, int age, Professor0 p) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.p = p;
}
public Object clone() {
Student0 o = null;
try {
o = (Student0) super.clone();
}catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
System.out.println(e.toString());
}
return o;
}
}
public class ShallowCopy {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Professor0 p = new Professor0("wangwu",50);
Student0 s1 = new Student0("zhangsan",18, p);
Student0 s2 = (Student0) s1.clone();
s2.p.name = "lisi";
s2.p.age = 30;
s2.name = "z";
s2.age = 45;
System.out.println("学生s1的姓名:" + s1.name + "\n学生s1教授的姓名:" + s1.p.name + "," +"\n学生s1教授的年纪" + s1.p.age);// 学生1的教授
}
}
s2变了,但s1也变了,证明s1的p和s2的p指向的是同一个对象。这在我们有的实际需求中,却不是这样,因而我们需要深拷贝:
class Professorimplements Cloneable {
String name;
int age;
Professor(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public Object clone() {
Object o = null;
try {
o = super.clone();
}catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
System.out.println(e.toString());
}
return o;
}
}
class Studentimplements Cloneable {
String name;
int age;
Professor p;
Student(String name, int age, Professor p) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.p = p;
}
public Object clone() {
Student o = null;
try {
o = (Student) super.clone();
}catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
System.out.println(e.toString());
}
o.p = (Professor) p.clone();
return o;
}
}
public class DeepCopy {
public static void main(String args[]) {
long t1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
Professor p = new Professor("wangwu",50);
Student s1 = new Student("zhangsan",18, p);
Student s2 = (Student) s1.clone();
s2.p.name = "lisi";
s2.p.age = 30;
System.out.println("name=" + s1.p.name + "," +"age=" + s1.p.age);// 学生1的教授不改变。
long t2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println(t2-t1);
}
}
当然我们还有一种深拷贝方法,就是将对象串行化:
import java.io.*;
//Serialization is time-consuming
class Professor2implements Serializable {
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
String name;
int age;
Professor2(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
}
class Student2implements Serializable {
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
String name;// 常量对象。
int age;
Professor2 p;// 学生1和学生2的引用值都是一样的。
Student2(String name, int age, Professor2 p) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.p = p;
}
public Object deepClone() throws IOException, OptionalDataException,
ClassNotFoundException {
// 将对象写到流里
ByteArrayOutputStream bo = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
ObjectOutputStream oo = new ObjectOutputStream(bo);
oo.writeObject(this);
// 从流里读出来
ByteArrayInputStream bi = new ByteArrayInputStream(bo.toByteArray());
ObjectInputStream oi = new ObjectInputStream(bi);
return (oi.readObject());
}
}
public class DeepCopy2 {
/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws OptionalDataException,
IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
long t1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
Professor2 p = new Professor2("wangwu",50);
Student2 s1 = new Student2("zhangsan",18, p);
Student2 s2 = (Student2) s1.deepClone();
s2.p.name = "lisi";
s2.p.age = 30;
System.out.println("name=" + s1.p.name + "," +"age=" + s1.p.age); // 学生1的教授不改变。
long t2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println(t2-t1);
}
}
但是串行化却很耗时,在一些框架中,我们便可以感受到,它们往往将对象进行串行化后进行传递,耗时较多。