JVM整体结构

类加载器

上面的类加载过程主要是通过类加载器来实现的，Java里有如下4种类加载器：

• 引导类加载器：（Bootstrap ClassLoader），又叫启动类加载器

负责加载支撑JVM运行的位于jre的lib目录下的核心类库，比如rt.jar等
由C/C++语言实现，嵌套在JVM内部

• 扩展类加载器：（Extension ClassLoader）Java语言编写，由sun.misc.Launcher类的内部类ExtClassLoader类实现

负责加载支撑JVM运行的位于JRE的lib目录下的ext扩展目录中的JAR类包

• 应用程序类加载器：（AppClassLoader）Java语言编写，由sun.misc.Launcher类的内部类AppClassLoader类实现

负责加载ClassPath路径下的类包，主要就是加载你自己写的那些类

• 自定义加载器：负责加载用户自定义路径下的类包

看一个类加载器示例：

package com.cctv.jvm;

import sun.misc.Launcher;

import java.net.URL;

public class TestClassLoader {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println(String.class.getClassLoader());
        System.out.println(com.sun.crypto.provider.DESKeyFactory.class.getClassLoader());
        System.out.println(TestClassLoader.class.getClassLoader());

        System.out.println();
        ClassLoader appClassLoader = TestClassLoader.class.getClassLoader();
        ClassLoader extClassloader = appClassLoader.getParent();
        ClassLoader bootstrapLoader = extClassloader.getParent();
        System.out.println("the appClassLoader : " + appClassLoader);
        System.out.println("the extClassloader : " + extClassloader);
        System.out.println("the bootstrapLoader : " + bootstrapLoader);

        System.out.println();
        System.out.println("bootstrapLoader加载以下文件：");
        URL[] urls = Launcher.getBootstrapClassPath().getURLs();
        for (int i = 0; i < urls.length; i++) {
            System.out.println(urls[i]);
        }

        System.out.println();
        System.out.println("extClassloader加载以下文件：");
        System.out.println(System.getProperty("java.ext.dirs"));

        System.out.println();
        System.out.println("appClassLoader加载以下文件：");
        System.out.println(System.getProperty("java.class.path"));
    }
}

--------------输出结果------------------------
null
sun.misc.Launcher$ExtClassLoader
sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader

the bootstrapLoader : null
the extClassloader : sun.misc.Launcher$ExtClassLoader@38af3868
the appClassLoader : sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader@18b4aac2

bootstrapLoader加载以下文件：
file:/C:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_311/jre/lib/resources.jar
file:/C:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_311/jre/lib/rt.jar
file:/C:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_311/jre/lib/sunrsasign.jar
file:/C:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_311/jre/lib/jsse.jar
file:/C:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_311/jre/lib/jce.jar
file:/C:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_311/jre/lib/charsets.jar
file:/C:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_311/jre/lib/jfr.jar
file:/C:/Program%20Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_311/jre/classes

extClassloader加载以下文件：
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_311\jre\lib\ext;C:\WINDOWS\Sun\Java\lib\ext

appClassLoader加载以下文件：
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_311\jre\lib\charsets.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_311\jre\lib\deploy.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_311\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_311\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_311\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_311\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_311\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_311\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_311\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_311\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_311\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_311\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_311\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_311\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_311\jre\lib\javaws.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_311\jre\lib\jce.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_311\jre\lib\jfr.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_311\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_311\jre\lib\jsse.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_311\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_311\jre\lib\plugin.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_311\jre\lib\resources.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_311\jre\lib\rt.jar;D:\java\myproject\jvm\target\classes;C:\Program Files\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA Community Edition 2021.3.1\lib\idea_rt.jar